Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate tyrosine kinase signal transduction, compositions which contain these compounds, and methods of using them to treat tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases and conditions, such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumor growth, atherosclerosis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases, and the like in mammals.

Tyrosine kinases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate of adenosine triphosphate to tyrosine residues in protein substrates. Tyrosine kinases play critical roles in signal transduction for a number of cell functions via substrate phosphorylation. Though the exact mechanism of signal transduction is still unclear, tyrosine kinases have been shown to be important contributing factors in cell proliferation, carcinogenesis and cell differentiation.

Tyrosine kinases can be categorized as receptor type or non-receptor type. Receptor type tyrosine kinases have an extracellular, a transmembrane, and an intracellular portion, while non-receptor type tyrosine kinases are wholly intracellular.

The receptor type tyrosine kinases are comprised of a large number of transmembrane receptors with diverse biological activity. In fact, about twenty different subfamilies of receptor-type tyrosine kinases have been identified. One tyrosine kinase subfamily, designated the HER subfamily, is comprised of EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4. Ligands of this subfamily of receptors include epithileal growth factor, TGF-α, amphiregulin, HB-EGF, betacellulin and heregulin. Another subfamily of these receptor-type tyrosine kinases is the insulin subfamily, which includes INS-R, IGF-R, and IR-R. The PDGF subfamily includes the PDGF-α and β receptors, CSFIR, c-kit and FILK-II. Then there is the FLK family which is comprised of the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), fetal liver kinase-1 (FLK-1), fetal liver kinase-4 (FLK-4) and the fins-like tyrosine kinase-1 (flt-1). The PDGF and FLK families are usually considered together due to the similarities of the two groups. For a detailed discussion of the receptor-type tyrosine kinases, see Plowman et al., DN&P 7(6):334–339, 1994, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The non-receptor type of tyrosine kinases is also comprised of numerous subfamilies, including Src, Frk, Btk, Csk, Abl, Zap70, Fes/Fps, Fak, Jak, Ack, and UMK. Each of these subfamilies is further sub-divided into varying receptors. For example, the Src subfamily is one of the largest and includes Src, Yes, Fyn, Lyn, Lck, Blk, Hck, Fgr, and Yrk. The Src subfamily of enzymes has been linked to oncogenesis. For a more detailed discussion of the non-receptor type of tyrosine kinases, see Bolen Oncogene, 8:2025–2031 (1993), which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Both receptor type and non-receptor type tyrosine kinases are implicated in cellular signaling pathways leading to numerous pathogenic conditions, including cancer, psoriasis and hyperimmune responses.

Several receptor type tyrosine kinases, and the growth factors that bind thereto, have been suggested to play a role in angiogenesis, although some may promote angiogenesis indirectly (Mustonen and Alitalo, J. Cell Biol. 129:895–898, 1995). One such receptor type tyrosine kinase is fetal liver kinase 1 or FLK-1. The human analog of FLK-1 is the kinase insert domain-containing receptor KDR, which is also known as vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR-2, since it binds VEGF with high affinity. Finally, the murine version of this receptor has also been called NYK (Oelrichs et al., Oncogene 8(1):11–15, 1993). VEGF and KDR are a ligand-receptor pair that play an important role in the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and the formation and sprouting of blood vessels, termed vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively.

Angiogenesis is characterized by excessive activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is actually comprised of a family of ligands (Klagsburn and D'Amore, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 7:259–270, 1996). VEGF binds the high affinity membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase receptor KDR and the related fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, also known as Flt-1 or vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1). Cell culture and gene knockout experiments indicate that each receptor contributes to different aspects of angiogenesis. KDR mediates the mitogenic function of VEGF whereas Flt-1 appears to modulate non-mitogenic functions such as those associated with cellular adhesion. Inhibiting KDR thus modulates the level of mitogenic VEGF activity. In fact, tumor growth has been shown to be susceptible to the antiangiogenic effects of VEGF receptor antagonists. (Kim et al., Nature 362, pp. 841–844, 1993).

Solid tumors can therefore be treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors since these tumors depend on angiogenesis for the formation of the blood vessels necessary to support their growth. These solid tumors include histiocytic lymphoma, cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung, including lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer. Additional examples include cancers in which overexpression or activation of Raf-activating oncogenes (e.g., K-ras, erb-B) is observed. Such cancers include pancreatic and breast carcinoma. Accordingly, inhibitors of these tyrosine kinases are useful for the prevention and treatment of proliferative diseases dependent on these enzymes.

The angiogenic activity of VEGF is not limited to tumors. VEGF accounts for most of the angiogenic activity produced in or near the retina in diabetic retinopathy. This vascular growth in the retina leads to visual degeneration culminating in blindness. Ocular VEGF mRNA and protein are elevated by conditions such as retinal vein occlusion in primates and decreased pO₂ levels in mice that lead to neovascularization. Intraocular injections of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies or VEGF receptor immunofusions inhibit ocular neovascularization in both primate and rodent models. Regardless of the cause of induction of VEGF in human diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of ocular VEGF is useful in treating the disease.

Expression of VEGP is also significantly increased in hypoxic regions of animal and human tumors adjacent to areas of necrosis. VEGF is also upregulated by the expression of the oncogenes ras, raf, src and mutant p53 (all of which are relevant to targeting cancer). Monoclonal anti-VEGF antibodies inhibit the growth of human tumors in nude mice. Although these same tumor cells continue to express VEGF in culture, the antibodies do not diminish their mitotic rate. Thus tumor-derived VEGF does not function as an autocrine mitogenic factor. Therefore, VEGF contributes to tumor growth in vivo by promoting angiogenesis through its paracrine vascular endothelial cell chemotactic and mitogenic activities. These monoclonal antibodies also inhibit the growth of typically less well vascularized human colon cancers in athymic mice and decrease the number of tumors arising from inoculated cells.

Viral expression of a VEGF-binding construct of Flk-1, Flt-1, the mouse KDR receptor homologue, truncated to eliminate the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domains but retaining a membrane anchor, virtually abolishes the growth of a transplantable glioblastoma in mice presumably by the dominant negative mechanism of heterodimer formation with membrane spanning endothelial cell VEGF receptors. Embryonic stem cells, which normally grow as solid tumors in nude mice, do not produce detectable tumors if both VEGF alleles are knocked out. Taken together, these data indicate the role of VEGF in the growth of solid tumors. Inhibition of KDR or Flt-1 is implicated in pathological angiogenesis, and these receptors are useful in the treatment of diseases in which angiogenesis is part of the overall pathology, e.g., inflammation, diabetic retinal vascularization, as well as various forms of cancer since tumor growth is known to be dependent on angiogenesis. (Weidner et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 324, pp. 1–8, 1991).

Indolinyl-isoquinolinone compounds which specifically inhibit, regulate and/or modulate the signal transduction of tyrosine kinases have been previously reported, see WO 01/29025, published 26 Apr. 2001. The identification of compounds with improved pharmaceutical properties, however, remains desireable and is an object of this invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds that are capable of inhibiting, modulating and/or regulating signal transduction of both receptor-type and non-receptor type tyrosine kinases. One embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by a compound of Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by a compound selected from:

-   3-{5-[(5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-({methyl[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[4-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-({[(1,1-dioxoidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)methyl)amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   2-(4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)acetamide; -   3-{5-[(4-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-4     sulfonamide; -   3-(5-{[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(2-aminoethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   methyl     3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}amino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; -   3-{5-[(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}amino)     pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; -   4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; -   methyl     2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylate; -   methyl     2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylic     acid; -   3-(5-{[4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-[(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]methanesulfonamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-L-prolinamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-D-prolinamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; -   4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; -   3-{5-[(3-oxohexahydroimidazol     [1,5-a]pyrazin-7(1H)-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-(azetidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-22-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   3-{5-[3-aminoazetidin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{5-[2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-4-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]ethyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; -   3-(5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-(2-azetidin-1-ylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{5-[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-6-carboxamide; -   3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-4-carboxamide; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-4-carboxamide; -   3-(6-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one;     and -   3-{5-[(1,1-dioxido-1,2,5-thiadiazepan-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

A second embodiment is a compound selected from:

-   3-{5-[(5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-({methyl[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl}amino]methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[4-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-({[(1,1-dioxoidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)methyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   2-(4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)acetamide; -   3-{5-[(4-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-4-sulfonamide; -   3-(5-{[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(2-aminoethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-(5-{[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   methyl     3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}amino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; -   3-{5-[(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}amino)     pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; -   4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; -   methyl     2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylate; -   methyl     2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylic     acid; -   3-(5-{[4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-[(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]methanesulfonamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-L-prolinamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-D-prolinamide; -   1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; -   4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; -   3-{5-[(3-oxohexahydroimidazol     [1,5-a]pyrazin-7(1H)-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one;     and -   3-[5-(azetidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; or a     pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

A third embodiment is a compound selected from:

-   N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide; -   2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carboxamide;     and -   3-{5-[3-aminoazetidin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

A further embodiment is demonstrated by a compound selected from:

-   3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{5-[2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-4-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]ethyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; -   3-{5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-[5-(2-azetidin-1-ylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{5-[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   3-{6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-6-carboxamide; -   3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; -   N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-4-carboxamide; -   N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyrrolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-4-carboxamide; -   3-(6-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one;     and -   3-{5-[(1,1-dioxido-1,2,5-thiadiazepan-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

Also included within the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition which is comprised of a claimed compound as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention is also contemplated to encompass a pharmaceutical composition which is comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any of the compounds specifically disclosed in the present application. These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the teachings contained herein.

Utilities

The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and are therefore useful to treat or prevent tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases or conditions in mammals.

“Tyrosine kinase-dependent diseases or conditions” refers to pathologic conditions that depend on the activity of one or more tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases either directly or indirectly participate in the signal transduction pathways of a variety of cellularactivities including proliferation, adhesion and migration, and differentiation. Diseases associated with tyrosine kinase activities include the proliferation of tumor cells, the pathologic neovascularization that supports solid tumor growth, ocular neovascularization (diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and the like) and inflammation (psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and the like). In treating such conditions with the instantly claimed compounds, the required therapeutic amount will vary according to the specific disease and is readily ascertainable by those skilled in the art. Although both treatment and prevention are contemplated by the scope of the invention, the treatment of these conditions is the preferred use.

The present invention encompasses a method of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal in need of such treatment which is comprised of administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound. Preferred cancers for treatment are selected from cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung. Another set of preferred forms of cancer are histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancers, pancreatic cancer, glioblastomas and breast carcinoma. The utility of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer is known in the literature, see J. Rak et al. Cancer Research, 55:4575–4580, 1995, for example. The role of angiogenesis in cancer has been shown in numerous types of cancer and tissues: breast carcinoma (G. Gasparini and A. L. harris, J. Clin. Oitcol., 1995, 13:765–782; M. Toi et al., Japan. J. Cancer Res., 1994, 85:1045–1049); bladder carcinomas (A. J. Dickinson et al., Br. J. Urol., 1994, 74:762–766); colon carcinomas (L. M. Ellis et al., Surgery, 1996, 120(5):871–878); and oral cavity tumors (J. K. Williams et al., Am. J. Surg., 1994, 168:373–380).

Tumors which have undergone neovascularization show an increased potential for metastasis. VEGF released from cancer cells enhances metastasis possibly by increasing extravasation at points of adhesion to vascular endothelium. (A. Amirkhosravi et al., Platelets, 10:285–292 (1999)); In fact, angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. (S. P. gunningham, et al., Can. Research, 61: 3206–3211 (2001)). The angiogenesis inhibitors disclosed in the present application are therefore also useful to prevent or decrease tumor cell metastasis. Such a use is also contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.

Further included within the scope of the invention is a method of treating or preventing a disease in which angiogenesis is implicated, which is comprised of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Ocular neovascular diseases are an example of conditions where much of the resulting tissue damage can be attributed to aberrant infiltration of blood vessels in the eye (see WO 00/30651, published 2 Jun. 2000). The undesireable infiltration can be triggered by ischemic retinopathy, such as that resulting from diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusions, etc., or by degenerative diseases, such as the choroidal neovascularization observed in age-related macular degeneration. Inhibiting the growth of blood vessels by administration of the present compounds would therefore prevent the infiltration of blood vessels and prevent or treat diseases where angiogenesis is implicated, such as ocular diseases like retinal vascularization, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and the like.

Also included within the scope of the present invention is a method of treating or preventing inflammatory diseases which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I. Examples of such inflammatory diseases are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and the like. (A. Giatromanolaki et al., J. Pathol. 2001; 194:101–108.) For the role of VEGF in skin angiogenesis, see Michael Detmar, J. Dermatological Sci., 24 Suppl. 1, S78–S84 (2000).

Also included within the scope of the present invention is a method of treating or preventing bone associated pathologies selected from osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis, and rickets, also known as oncogenic osteomalacia. (Hasegawa et al., Skeletal Radiol., 28, pp. 41–45, 1999; Gerber et al., Nature Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 623–628, June 1999.) And since VEGF directly promotes osteoclastic bone resorption through KDR/Flk-1 expressed in mature osteoclasts (FEBS Let. 473:161–164 (2000); Endocrinology, 141:1667 (2000)), the instant compounds are also useful to treat and prevent conditions related to bone resorption, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease.

A method of treating or preventing preeclampsia is also within the which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Studies have shown that the action of VEGF on the Flt-1 receptor is pivotal in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. (Laboratory Investigation 79:1101–1111 (September 1999).) Vessels of pregnant women incubated with VEGF exhibit a reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation similar to that induced by plasma from women with preeclampsia. In the presence of an anti-Flt-1 receptor antibody, however, neither VEGF or plasma from women with preeclampsia reduced the endothelium-dependent relaxation. Therefore the claimed compounds serve to treat preeclampsia via their action on the tyrosine kinase domain of the Flt-1 receptor.

Also within the scope of the invention is a method of reducing or preventing tissue damage following a cerebral ischemic event which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The claimed compounds can also be used to reduce or prevent tissue damage which occurs after cerebral ischemic events, such as stroke, by reducing cerebral edema, tissue damage, and reperfusion injury following ischemia. (Drug News Perspect 11:265–270 (1998); J. Clin. Invest. 104:1613–1620 (1999); Nature Med 7:222–227 (2001)).

The instant compounds can also be used to prevent or treat tissue damage during bacterial meningitis, such as tuberculous meningitis. Matsuyama et al., J. Neurol. Sci. 186:75–79 (2001)). The instant invention therefore encompasses a method of treating or preventing tissue damage due to bacterial meningitis which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound. Studies have shown that VEGF is secreted by inflammatory cells during bacterial meningitis and that VEGF contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption. (van der Flier et al., J. Infectious Diseases, 183:149–153 (2001)). The claimed compounds can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability and therefore serve to prevent or treat blood-brain barrier disruption associated with bacterial meningitis.

The present invention further encompasses a method to treat or prevent endometrioses comprised of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound. An increase in VEGF expression and angiogenesis is associated with the progression of endometriosis (Stephen K. Smith, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 12, No. 4, May/June 2001). Inhibition of VEGF by the current compounds would therefore inhibit angiogenesis and treat endometriosis.

The compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals, preferably humans, either alone or, preferably, in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, optionally with known adjuvants, such as alum, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. The compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.

For oral use of a chemotherapeutic compound according to this invention, the selected compound may be administered, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules, or as an aqueous solution or suspension. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch, and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are commonly added. For oral administration in capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring agents may be added. For intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous use, sterile solutions of the active ingredient are usually prepared, and the pH of the solutions should be suitably adjusted and buffered. For intravenous use, the total concentration of solutes should be controlled in order to render the preparation isotonic.

The instant compounds are also useful in combination with known anticancer agents. Such known anti-cancer agents include the following: estrogen receptor modulators, androgen receptor modulators, retinoid receptor modulators, cytotoxic agents, antiproliferative agents, prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and other angiogenesis inhibitors. The instant compounds are particularly useful when coadminsitered with radiation therapy. The synergistic effects of inhibiting VEGF in combination with radiation therapy have been described in the art (see WO 00/61186).

“Estrogen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of estrogen receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381, LY117081, toremifene, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropanoate, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, and SH646.

“Androgen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasteride and other 5α-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, liarozole, and abiraterone acetate.

“Retinoid receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of such retinoid receptor modulators include bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, α-difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4′-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, and N-4-carboxyphenyl retinamide.

“Cytotoxic agents” refer to compounds which cause cell death primarily by interfering directly with the cell's functioning or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors, and topoisomerase inhibitors.

Examples of cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, tirapazimine, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improsulfan tosilate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven, dexifosfamide, cis-aminedichloro(2-methyl-pyridine)platinum, benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans, trans, trans)-bis-mu-(hexane-1,6-diamine)-mu-[diamine-platinum(H)]bis[diamine(chloro)platinum (II)]tetrachloride, diarizidinylspermine, arsenic trioxide, 1-(1-dodecylamino-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, zorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin, pinafide, valkubicin, amrubicin, antineoplaston, 3′-deamino-3′-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin, annamycin, galarubicin, elinafide, MEN10755, and 4-demethoxy-3-deamino-3-aziridinyl-4-methylsulphonyl-daunorubicin (see WO 00/50032).

Examples of microtubulin inhibitors include paclitaxel, vindesine sulfate, 3′,4′-didehydro-4′-deoxy-8′-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol, rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoroA-methoxyphenyl) benzene sulfonamide, anhydrovinblastine, N,N-dimethyl-Lvalyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t-butylamide, TDX258, and BMS188797.

Some examples of topoisomerase inhibitors are topotecan, hycaptamine, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-ethoxypropionyl-3′,4′-O-exo-benzylidene-chartreusin, 9-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H) propanamine, 1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H, 12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3′,4′:b,7]indolizino[1,2b]quinoline-10,13(9H,15H)dione, lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350, BNPI1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, sobuzoxane, 2′ methylamino-2′-deoxy-etoposide, GL331, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-1-carboxamide, asulacrine, (5a, 5aB, 8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylamino]ethyl]-5-[4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexohydrofuro(3′,4′:6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6-one, 2,3-(methylenedioxy)-5-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxybenzo[c]-phenanthridinium, 6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoguinoline-5,10-dione, 5-(3-aminopropylamino)-7,10-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)-6H-pyrazolo[4,5,1-de]acridin-6-one, N-[1-[2(diethylamino)ethylamino]-7-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-4-ylmethyl]formamide, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide, 6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolin-7-one, and dimesna.

“Antiproliferative agents” includes antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX301, and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed, paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed, nelzarabine, 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine, 2′-fluoromethylene-2′-deoxycytidine, N-[5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, N6-[4-deoxy4[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradecadienoyl]glycylamino]-L-glycero-B-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]adenine, aplidine, ecteinascidin, troxacitabine, 4-[2-amino-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimidino[5,4-b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl-(S)-ethyl]-2,5-thienoyl-L-glutamic acid, aminopterin, 5-flurouracil, alanosine, 11-acetyl-8-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxy-14-oxa-1,11-diazatetracyclo(7.4.1.0.0)-tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-9-yl acetic acid ester, swainsonine, lometrexol, dexrazoxane, methioninase, 2′-cyano-2′-deoxy-N-4-palmitoyl-1-B-D-arabino furanosyl cytosine, and 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosernicarbazone. “Antiproliferative agents” also includes monoclonal antibodies to growth factors, other than those listed under “angiogenesis inhibitors”, such as trastuzumab, and tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, which can be delivered via recombinant virus-mediated gene transfer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,134, for example).

“HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors” refers to inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Compounds which have inhibitory activity for HMG-CoA reductase can be readily identified by using assays well-known in the art. For example, see the assays described or cited in U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,938 at col. 6, and WO 84/02131 at pp. 30–33. The terms “HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor” and “inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase” have the same meaning when used herein.

Examples of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that may be used include but are not limited to lovastatin (MEVACOROR®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,231,938, 4,294,926 and 4,319,039), simvastatin (ZOCOR®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,444,784, 4,820,850 and 4,916,239), pravastatin (PRAVACHOL®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,346,227,4,537,859, 4,410,629, 5,030,447 and 5,180,589), fluvastatin (LESCOL®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,354,772,4,911,165, 4,929,437, 5,189,164, 5,118,853, 5,290,946 and 5,356,896), atorvastatin (LIPITOR®; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,273,995, 4,681,893, 5,489,691 and 5,342,952) and cerivastatin (also known as rivastatin and BAYCHOL®; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,177,080). The structural formulas of these and additional HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that may be used in the instant methods are described at page 87 of M. Yalpani, “Cholesterol Lowering Drugs”, Chemistry & Industry, pp. 85–89 (5 Feb. 1996) and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,782,084 and 4,885,314. The term HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor as used herein includes all pharmaceutically acceptable lactone and open-acid forms (i.e., where the lactone ring is opened to form the free acid) as well as salt and ester forms of compounds which have FMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity, and therefor the use of such salts, esters, open-acid and lactone forms is included within the scope of this invention. An illustration of the lactone portion and its corresponding open-acid form is shown below as structures I and II.

In HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors where an open-acid form can exist, salt and ester forms may preferably be formed from the open-acid, and all such forms are included within the meaning of the term “HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor” as used herein. Preferably, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is selected from lovastatin and simvastatin, and most preferably simvastatin. Herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” with respect to the HG-CoA reductase inhibitor shall mean non-toxic salts of the compounds employed in this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free acid with a suitable organic or inorganic base, particularly those formed from cations such as sodium, potassium, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, zinc and tetramethylammonium, as well as those salts formed from amines such as ammonia, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucaamine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, procaine, N-benzylphenethylamine, 1-p-chlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolidine-1′-yl-methylbenzimidazole, diethylamine, piperazine, and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. Further examples of salt forms of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may include, but are not limited to, acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynapthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, pamaote, palmitate, panthothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, and valerate.

Ester derivatives of the described HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor compounds may act as prodrugs which, when absorbed into the bloodstream of a warm-blooded animal, may cleave in such a manner as to release the drug form and permit the drug to afford improved therapeutic efficacy.

“Prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor” refers to a compound which inhibits any one or any combination of the prenyl-protein transferase enzymes, including farnesyl-protein transferase (FPIase), geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I), and geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II (GGPTase-II, also called Rab GGPTase). Examples of prenyl-protein transferase inhibiting compounds include (3-6-[amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]4(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, (−)-6-[amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, (+)-6-[amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl) methyl]4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, 5(S)-n-butyl-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-imidazolylmethyl]-2-piperazinone, (S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-imidazolylmethyl]-5-[2-(ethanesulfonyl) methyl)-2-piperazinone, 5(S)-n-Butyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-imidazolylmethyl]-2-piperazinone, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-2-methyl-5-imidazolylmethyl]-2-piperazinone, 1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl]piperidine, 4-{5-[4-hydroxymethyl-4-(4-chloropyridin-2-ylmethyl)-piperidine-1-ylmethyl]-2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl}benzonitrile, 4-{5-[4-hydroxymethyl-4-(3-chlorobenzyl)-piperidine-1-ylmethyl]-2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl}benzonitrile, 4-{3-[4-(2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)benzyl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl}benzonitrile, 4-{3-[4-(5-chloro-2-oxo-2H-[1,2′]bipyridin-5′-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl}benzonitrile, 4-{3-[4-(2-oxo-2H-[1,2′]bipyridin-5′-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl}benzonitrile, 4-[3-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-4-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazolylmethyl}benzonitrile, 18,19-dihydro-19-oxo-5H,17H-6,10:12,16-dimetheno-1H-imidazo[4,3-c][1,11,4]dioxaazacyclononadecine-9-carbonitrile, (+)-19,20-dihydro-19-oxo-5H-18,21-ethano-12,14-etheno-6,10-metheno-22H-benzo[d]imidazo[4,3-k][1,6,9,12]oxatriaza-cyclooctadecine-9-carbonitrile, 19,20-dihydro-19-oxo-5H,17H-18,21-ethano-6,10:12,16-dimetheno-22H-imidazo[3,4-h][1,8,11,14]oxatriazacycloeicosine-9-carbonitrile, and (+)-19,20-dihydro-3-methyl-19-oxo-5H-18,21-ethano-12,14-etheno-6,10-metheno-22H-benzo [d]imidazo[4,3-k][1,6,9,12]oxa-triazacyclooctadecine-9-carbonitrile.

Other examples of prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors can be found in the following publications and patents: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO 97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO 95/32987, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,245, 5,523,430, 5,532,359, 5,510,510, 5,589,485, 5,602,098, European Patent Publ. 0 618 221, European Patent Publ. 0 675 112, European Patent Publ. 0 604 181, European Patent Publ. 0 696 593, WO 94/19357, WO 95/08542, WO 95/11917, WO 95/12612, WO 95/12572, WO 95/10514, U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,152, WO 95/10515, WO 95/10516, WO 95/24612, WO 95/34535, WO 95/25086, WO 96/05529, WO 96/06138, WO 96/06193, WO 96/16443, WO 96/21701, WO 96/21456, WO 96/22278, WO 96/24611, WO 96/24612, WO 96/05168, WO 96/05169, WO 96/00736, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,792, WO 96/17861, WO 96/33159, WO 96/34850, WO 96/34851, WO 96/30017, WO 96/30018, WO 96/30362, WO 96/30363, WO 96/31111, WO 96/31477, WO 96/31478, WO 96/31501, WO 97/00252, WO 97/03047, WO 97/03050, WO 97104785, WO 97/02920, WO 97/17070, WO 97/23478, WO 97/26246, WO 97/30053, WO 97/44350, WO 98/02436, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,359. For an example of the role of a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor on angiogenesis see European J. of Cancer, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1394–1401 (1999).

Examples of HIV protease inhibitors include amprenavir, abacavir, CGP-73547, CGP-61755, DMP450, indinavir, nelfinavir, tipranavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, ABT-378, AG 1776, and BMS-232,632. Examples of reverse transcriptase inhibitors include delaviridine, efavirenz, GS-840, HB Y097, lamivudine, nevirapine, AZT, 3TC, ddC, and ddI.

“Angiogenesis inhibitors” refers to compounds that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, regardless of mechanism. Examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR1) and Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR20), inhibitors of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet derived growth factors, MMP (matrix metalloprotease) inhibitors, integrin blockers, interferon-α, interleukin-12, pentosan polysulfate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen as well as selective cyclooxy-genase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and rofecoxib (PNAS, Vol. 89, p. 7384 (1992); JNCI, Vol. 69, p. 475 (1982); Arch. Opthalmol., Vol. 108, p. 573 (1990); Anat. Rec., Vol. 238, p. 68 (1994); FEBS Letters, Vol. 372, p. 83 (1995); Clin, Orthop. Vol. 313, p. 76 (1995); J. Mol. Endocrinol., Vol. 16, p. 107 (1996); Jpn. J. Pharmacol., Vol: 75, p. 105 (1997); Cancer Res., Vol. 57, p. 1625 (1997); Cell, Vol. 93, p. 705 (1998); Intl. J. Mol. Med., Vol. 2, p. 715 (1998); J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 274, p. 9116 (1999)), carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiotensin 11 antagonists (see Fernandez et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 105:141–145 (1985)), and antibodies to VEGF (see, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, pp. 963–968 (October 1999); Kim et al., Nature, 362, 841–844 (1993); WO 00/44777; and WO 00/61186).

As described above, the combinations with NSAID's are directed to the use of NSAID's which are potent COX-2 inhibiting agents. For purposes of this specification an NSAID is potent if it possess an IC50 for the inhibition of COX-2 of 1 μM or less as measured by cell or microsomal assays.

The invention also encompasses combinations with NSAID's which are selective COX-2 inhibitors. For purposes of this specification NSAID's which are selective inhibitors of COX-2 are defined as those which possess a specificity for inhibiting COX-2 over COX-1 of at least 100 fold as measured by the ratio of IC₅₀ for COX-2 over IC₅₀ for COX-1 evaluated by cell or microsomal assays. Such compounds include, but are not limited to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,995, issued Dec. 12, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,419, issued Jan. 19, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,843, issued Dec. 14, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,343, issued Feb. 1, 2000, U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,944, issued Apr. 25, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,265, issued Jul. 25, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,752, issued Jul. 16, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,142, issued Aug. 27, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,260, issued Feb. 18, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,584, issued Dec. 16, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,140, issued Jan. 20, 1998, WO 94/15932, published Jul. 21, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,991, issued Jun. 6, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,142, issued Jul. 28, 1992, U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,738, issued Jan. 10, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,790, issued Feb. 20, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,823, issued Nov. 14, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,272, issued May 27, 1997, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,598, issued Aug. 3, 1999, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Other examples of specific inhibitors of COX-2 include the following:

-   3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; -   3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; -   3-phenyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; -   5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; -   3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpyridine; -   2-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine; -   2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine; -   2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine; -   3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyridine; -   5-methyl-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-phenylpyridine; -   2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-3-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenylpyridine; -   5-methyl-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(3-pyridinyl) pyridine; -   5-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenylpyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl) pyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(3-pyridinyl) pyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(4-pyridinyl) pyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine; -   2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenylpyridinyl-5-carboxylic     acid methyl ester; -   2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenylpyridinyl-5-carboxylic     acid; -   5-cyano-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenylpyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyridine     hydromethanesulfonate; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyridine     hydrochloride; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine     hydrochloride; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-ethyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine; -   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-ethyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine     hydromethanesulfonate; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-fluorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-phenoxy-5,5-dimethyl4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-fluorophenylthio)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(aethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one;     one; -   3-phenylthio-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(N-phenylamino)-5,5-dimethyl4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-5,5-dimethyl4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-cyclohexyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-phenylthio-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenylhydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-benzoyl-5,5-dimethyl-4(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-2-one; -   4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenylthio-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-2-one; -   4-(2-oxo-3-phenylthio-1-oxa-spiro[4,4]non-3-en-4-yl)     benzenesulfonamide; -   3-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-isoquinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-phenoxycyclopent-2-enone; -   3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)cyclopent-2-enone; -   5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(5-bromopyridin-2-yloxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(2-propoxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-cyclopent-2-enone; -   3-(5-benzothiophenyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(pyridyl-4-oxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(pyridyl-3-oxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-methyl-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-chloro-2-pyridylthio)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   2-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-cyclopent-2-enone; -   3-(2-pyrimidinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-(1,2,5-thiadiazolyl)oxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-isoquinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(6-amino-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-chloro-4-fluoro)phenoxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(6-quinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one;     3-(5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-thiazolylthio)-5,3-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-4(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(2-propoxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-(4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)-5-H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-Butoxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl(4-(methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(3-pentoxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   2-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenylcyclopent-2-enone; -   3-(4-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl     (4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-methyl-5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-fluoro-4-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-7(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-propyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(N,N-diethylamino)-5,5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-bromophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-propyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(1-cyclopropyl-ethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl     sulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(propoxy)-5-(2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5(R)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(2-propoxy)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dimethylpropyloxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5(R)-3-(1-cyclopropyl-ethoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-(methyl     sulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   5(S)-5-ethyl-5-methyl4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl-3-(2-propoxy)-5H-furan-2-one;     3-(1-cyclopropylethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(1-cyclopropylethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   5,5-dimethyl-3-(isobutoxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-bromophenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-quinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(6-benzothiazolyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(6chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)     phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-quinazolyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(1-isoquinolinyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)     phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)     phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5-propyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-cyclobutyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(1-indanyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-indanyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-cyclopentyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3,3-dimethylcyclopentyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl     sulfonyl-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-isopropoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-propyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(2-methoxy-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-trifluoroethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-bromophenoxy)-5-trifluoroethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   5-cyclopropylmethyl-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(3-fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-phenoxy-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-5-5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-bromo-2-pyridyloxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one; -   (5R)-3-(5-bromo-2-pyridyloxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-chloro-6-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(5-cyclopropyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one; -   3-(1-cyclopropylethoxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one;     and -   3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.

Inhibitors of COX-2 that are particularly useful in the instant method of treatment are:

-   3-phenyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone; and

-   5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

General and specific synthetic procedures for the preparation of the COX-2 inhibitor compounds described above are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,995, issued Dec. 12, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,419, issued Jan. 19, 1999, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,843, issued Dec. 14, 1999, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

Compounds that have been described as specific inhibitors of COX-2 and are therefore useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds which are described as specific inhibitors of COX-2 and are therefore useful in the present invention, and methods of synthesis thereof, can be found in the following patents, pending applications and publications, which are herein incorporated by reference: WO 94/15932, published Jul. 21, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,991, issued Jun. 6, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,142, issued Jul. 28, 1992, U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,738, issued Jan. 10, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,790, issued Feb. 20, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,823, issued Nov. 14, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,272, issued May 27, 1997, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,598, issued Aug. 3, 1999.

Compounds which are specific inhibitors of COX-2 and are therefore useful in the present invention, and, methods of synthesis thereof, can be found in the following patents, pending applications and publications, which are herein incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,995, issued Dec. 12, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,419, issued Jan. 19, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,843, issued Dec. 14, 1999, U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,343, issued Feb. 1, 2000, U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,944, issued Apr. 25, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,265, issued Jul. 25, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,752, issued Jul. 16, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,142, issued Aug. 27, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,260, issued Feb. 18, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,584, issued Dec. 16, 1997, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,140, issued Jan. 20, 1998.

Other examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, endostation, ukrain, ranpirnase, IM862, 5-methoxy-4-[2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl)carbamate, acetyldinanaline, 5-amino-1-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, CM101, squalamine, combretastatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfated mannopentaose phosphate, 7,7-(carbonyl-bis[imino-N-methyl-4,2-pyrrolocarbonylimino[N-methyl-4,2-pyrrole]-carbonylimino]-bis-(1,3-naphthalene disulfonate), and 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylene]-2-indolinone (SU5416).

As used above, “integrin blockers” refers to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the α_(v)β₃ integrin, to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counter-act binding of a physiological ligand to the αvβ5 integrin, to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to both the α_(v)β₃ integrin and the α_(v)β5 integrin, and to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the particular integrin(s) expressed on capillary endothelial cells. The term also refers to antagonists of the α_(v)β₆, α_(v)β₈, α₁β₁, α₂β₁, α₅β₁, α₆β₁ and α₆β₄ integrins. The term also refers to antagonists of any combination of α_(v)β₃, α_(v)β₅, α_(v)β₆, α_(v)β₈, α₁β₁, α₂β₁, α₅β₁, α₆β₁ and α₆β₄ integrins.

Some specific examples of tyrosine kinase inhibitors include N-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide, 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl)indolin-2-one, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxyl]quinazoline, N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-quinazolinamine, BIBX1382, 2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-(hydroxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocin-1-one, SH268, genistein, STI571, CEP2563, 4-(3-chlorophenylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidinemethane sulfonate, 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, SU6668, STI571A, N-4-chlorophenyl-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-phthalazinamine, and EMD121974.

The instant compounds are also useful, alone or in combination with platelet fibrinogen receptor (GP IIb/IIIa) antagonists, such as tirofiban, to inhibit metastasis of cancerous cells. Tumor cells can activate platelets largely via thrombin generation. This activation is associated with the release of VEGF. The release of VEGF enhances metastasis by increasing extravasation at points of adhesion to vascular endothelium (Amirkhosravi, Platelets 10, 285–292, 1999). Therefore, the present compounds can serve to inhibit metastasis, alone or in combination with GP IIb/IIIa) antagonists. Examples of other fibrinogen receptor antagonists include abciximab, eptifibatide, sibrafiban, lamifiban, lotrafiban, cromofiban, and CT50352.

Combinations with compounds other than anti-cancer compounds are also encompassed to treat conditions other than cancer. For example, combinations of the instantly claimed compounds with PPAR-γ (i.e., PPAR-gamma) agonists are useful in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. PPAR-γ is the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. The expression of PPAR-γ on endothelial cells and its involvement in angiogenesis in corneal and choroidal experimental systems has been reported in the literature (see J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 31:909–913; J. Biol. Chem. 1999;274:9116–9121; Invest. Ophthalinol Vis. Sci. 2000; 41:2309–2317). More recently, PPAR-γ agonists have been shown to inhibit the angiogenic response to VEGF in vitro; both troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate inhibit the development of retinal neovascularization in mice. (Arch. Ophthamol. 2001; 119:709–717). Examples of PPAR-γ aganoists and PPAR-γ/α aganoists include, but are not limited to, thiazolidinediones (such as DRF2725, CS-011, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, GW2570, SB219994, AR-H039242, JTT-501, MCC-555, GW2331, GW409544, NN2344, KRP297, NP0110, DRF4158, NN622, GI262570, PNU182716, DRF552926, 2-[(5,7-dipropyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid (disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 09/782,856), and 2(R)-7-(3-(2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy)propoxy)-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (disclosed in U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/235,708 and 60/244,697). Thus, a method of treating or preventing diabetic retinopathy which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound in combination with a PPAR-γ agonist is also within the scope of the present invention.

If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) within its approved dosage range. Compounds of the instant invention may alternatively be used sequentially with known pharmaceutically acceptable agent(s) when a combination formulation is inappropriate.

The term “administration” and variants thereof (e.g., “administering” a compound) in reference to a compound of the invention means introducing the compound or a prodrug of the compound into the system of the animal in need of treatment. When a compound of the invention or prodrug thereof is provided in combination with one or more other active agents (e.g., a cytotoxic agent, etc.), “administration” and its variants are each understood to include concurrent and sequential introduction of the compound or prodrug thereof and other agents.

As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein means that amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.

The term “treating cancer” or “treatment of cancer” refers to administration to a mammal afflicted with a cancerous condition and refers to an effect that alleviates the cancerous condition by killing the cancerous cells, but also to an effect that results in the inhibition of growth and/or metastasis of the cancer.

The present invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of cancer, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention, with or without pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents. Suitable compositions of this invention include aqueous solutions comprising compounds of this invention and pharmacologically acceptable carriers, e.g., saline, at a pH level, e.g., 7.4. The solutions may be introduced into a patient's bloodstream by local bolus injection.

When a compound according to this invention is administered into a human subject, the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms.

In one exemplary application, a suitable amount of compound is administered to a mammal undergoing treatment for cancer. Administration occurs in an amount between about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight to about 60 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably of between 0.5 mg/kg of body weight to about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day.

The scope of the invention therefore encompasses the use of the instantly claimed compounds in combination with a second compound selected from:

1) an estrogen receptor modulator,

2) an androgen receptor modulator,

3) retinoid receptor modulator,

4) a cytotoxic agent,

5) an antiproliferative agent,

6) a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor,

7) an IWG-CoA reductase inhibitor,

8) an HIV protease inhibitor,

9) a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and

10) another angiogenesis inhibitor.

Preferred angiogenesis inhibitors to be used as the second compound are a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of epidermal-derived growth factor, an inhibitor of fibroblast-derived growth factor, an inhibitor of platelet derived growth factor, an MMP (matrix metalloprotease) inhibitor, an integrin blocker, interferon-α, interleukin-12, pentosan polysulfate, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, or an antibody to VEGF. Preferred estrogen receptor modulators are tamoxifen and raloxifene.

Also included in the scope of the claims is a method of treating cancer which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound in combination with radiation therapy and/or in combination with a compound selected from:

1) an estrogen receptor modulator,

2) an androgen receptor modulator,

3) retinoid receptor modulator,

4) a cytotoxic agent,

5) an antiproliferative agent,

6) a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor,

7) an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor,

8) an HIV protease inhibitor,

9) a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and

10) another angiogenesis inhibitor.

And yet another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating cancer which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with paclitaxel or trastuzumab.

The invention further encompasses a method of treating or preventing cancer which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound in combination with a COX-2 inhibitor.

These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the teachings contained herein.

Definitions

The compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers, chiral axes, and chiral planes (as described in: E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen, Stereo-chemistry of Carbon Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994, pages 1119–1190), and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers and mixtures thereof, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention. In addition, the compounds disclosed herein may exist as tautomers and both tautomeric forms are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the invention, even though only one tautomeric structure is depicted. For example, any claim to compound A below is understood to include tautomeric structure B, and vice versa, as well as mixtures thereof.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts of the basic compounds are prepared either by ion exchange chromatography or by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt-forming inorganic or organic acid in a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like. Similarly, the salts of the acidic compounds are formed by reactions with the appropriate inorganic or organic base.

The compounds of this invention may be prepared by employing reactions as shown in the following schemes, in addition to other standard manipulations that are known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures. These schemes, therefore, are not limited by the compounds listed or by any particular substituents employed for illustrative purposes. Substituent numbering as shown in the schemes does not necessarily correlate to that used in the claims.

Schemes

As shown in Scheme A, the quinoline reagent A-2 can be synthesized by the general procedures taught in Marsais, F; Godard, A.; Queguiner, G. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1989, 26, 1589–1594). Derivatives with varying substitution can be made by modifying this procedure and use of standard synthetic protocols known in the art. Also shown in Scheme 1 is the preparation of the indole intermediate A-6.

Scheme B illustrates one possible protocol for the coupling of the indole and quinolone intermediates to produce the desired compounds. Scheme C illustrates one possible synthetic route to the synthesis of a representative compound of the present invention, 3-(5-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one, C-6.

Scheme D shows the synthesis of the iodo-naphthyridines and iodo-pyrido-pyridines. The resulting iodo compounds can then be coupled with the appropriate indole boronic acid as taught in the other schemes to arrive at the desired product. The starting chloro-compounds can be prepared according to the method taught by D. J. Pokomy and W. W. Paudler in J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 3101. The selective fluorination of the indole substituent using 1-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ditetrafluoroborate (Selectfluor™) is exemplified in Scheme F.

Assays

The compounds of the instant invention described in the Examples were tested by the assays described below and were found to have kinase inhibitory activity. Other assays are known in the literature and could be readily performed by those of skill in the art (see, for example, Dhanabal et al., Cancer Res. 59:189–197; Xin et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274:9116–9121; Sheu et al., Anticancer Res. 18:4435–4441; Ausprunk et al., Dev. Biol. 38:237–248; Gimbrone et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52:413-427; Nicosia et al., In Vitro 18:538–549).

I. VEGF Receptor Kinase Assay

VEGF receptor kinase activity is measured by incorporation of radio-labeled phosphate into polyglutamic acid, tyrosine, 4:1 (pEY) substrate. The phosphorylated pEY product is trapped onto a filter membrane and the incorporation of radio-labeled phosphate quantified by scintillation counting.

Materials

VEGF Receptor Kinase

The intracellular tyrosine kinase domains of human KDR (Terman, B. I. et al. Oncogene (1991) vol. 6, pp. 1677–1683.) and Flt-1 (Shibuya, M. et al. Oncogene (1990) vol. 5, pp. 519–524) were cloned as glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene fusion proteins. This was accomplished by cloning the cytoplasmic domain of the KDR kinase as an in frame fusion at the carboxy terminus of the GST gene. Soluble recombinant GST-kinase domain fusion proteins were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) insect cells (Invitrogen) using a baculovirus expression vector (pAcG2T, Pharmingen).

The other materials used and their compositions were as follows:

Lysis buffer: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% triton X-100, 10% glycerol, 10 mg/mL of each leupeptin, pepstatin and aprotinin and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (all Sigma).

Wash buffer: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% triton X-100, 10% glycerol, 10 mg/mL of each leupeptin, pepstatin and aprotinin and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.

Dialysis buffer: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% triton X-100, 50% glycerol, 10 mg/mL of each leupeptin, pepstatin and aprotinin and 1 mM phenylmethylsuflonyl fluoride.

1× reaction buffer: 200 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 1.0 M NaCl, 50 mM MnCl₂, 10 mM DTT and 5 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Sigma).

Enzyme dilution buffer: 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 0.1 M NaCl, 1 mM DTr, 10% glycerol, 100 mg/mL BSA.

10× Substrate: 750 μg/mL poly (glutamic acid, tyrosine; 4:1) (Sigma).

Stop solution: 30% trichloroacetic acid, 0.2 M sodium pyrophosphate (both Fisher).

Wash solution: 15% trichloroacetic acid, 0.2 M sodium pyrophosphate.

Filter plates: Millipore #MAFC NOB, GF/C glass fiber 96 well plate.

Method

A. Protein Purification

1. Sf21 cells were infected with recombinant virus at a multiplicity of infection of 5 virus particles/cell and grown at 27° C. for 48 hours.

2. All steps were performed at 4° C. Infected cells were harvested by centrifugation at 1000×g and lysed at 4° C. for 30 minutes with 1/10 volume of lysis buffer followed by centrifugation at 100,000×g for 1 hour. The supernatant was then passed over a glutathione Sepharose column (Pharmacia) equilibrated in lysis buffer and washed with 5 volumes of the same buffer followed by 5 volumes of wash buffer. Recombinant GST-KDR protein was eluted with wash buffer/10 mM reduced glutathione (Sigma) and dialyzed against dialysis buffer.

B. VEGF Receptor Kinase Assay

1. Add 5 μl of inhibitor or control to the assay in 50% DMSO.

2. Add 35 μl of reaction mix containing 5 μl of 10× reaction buffer, 5 μl 25 mM ATP/10 μCi [³³P]ATP (Amersham), and 5 μl 10× substrate.

3. Start the reaction by the addition of 10 μl of KDR (25 nM) in enzyme dilution buffer.

4. Mix and incubate at room temperature for 15 minutes.

5. Stop by the addition of 50 μl stop solution.

6. Incubate for 15 minutes at 4° C.

7. Transfer a 90 μl aliquot to filter plate.

8. Aspirate and wash 3 times with wash solution.

9. Add 30 μl of scintillation cocktail, seal plate and count in a Wallac Microbeta scintillation counter.

II. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Mitogenesis Assay

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture proliferate in response to VEGF treatment and can be used as an assay system to quantify the effects of KDR kinase inhibitors on VEGF stimulation. In the assay described, quiescent HUVEC monolayers are treated with vehicle or test compound 2 hours prior to addition of VEGF or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The mitogenic response to VEGF or bFGF is determined by measuring the incorporation of [³H]thymidine into cellular DNA.

Materials

HUVECs: HUVECs frozen as primary culture isolates are obtained from Clonetics Corp. Cells are maintained in Endothelial Growth Medium (EGM; Clonetics) and are used for mitogenic assays described in passages 3–7 below.

Culture Plates: NUNCLON 96-well polystyrene tissue culture plates (NUNC #167008).

Assay Medium: Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium containing 1 g/mL glucose (low-glucose DMEM; Mediatech) plus 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Clonetics).

Test Compounds: Working stocks of test compounds are diluted serially in 100% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to 400-fold greater than their desired final concentrations. Final dilutions to 1× concentration are made directly into Assay Medium immediately prior to addition to cells. 10× Growth Factors: Solutions of human VEGF₁₆₅ (500 ng/mL; R&D Systems) and bFGF (10 ng/nL; R&D Systems) are prepared in Assay Medium. 10×[³H]thymidine: [Methyl-³H]thymidine (20 Ci/mmol; Dupont-NEN) is diluted to 80 μCi/nL in low-glucose DMEM. Cell Wash Medium: Hank's balanced salt solution (Mediatech) containing 1 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Boehringer-Mannheim). Cell Lysis Solution: 1 N NaOH, 2% (w/v) Na₂CO₃.

Method

1. HUVEC monolayers maintained in EGM are harvested by trypsinization and plated at a density of 4000 cells per 100 μL Assay Medium per well in 96-well plates. Cells are growth-arrested for 24 hours at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂.

2. Growth-arrest medium is replaced by 100 μL Assay Medium containing either vehicle (0.25% [v/v] DMSO) or the desired final concentration of test compound. All determinations are performed in triplicate. Cells are then incubated at 37° C. with 5% CO₂ for 2 hours to allow test compounds to enter cells.

3. After the 2-hour pretreatment period, cells are stimulated by addition of 10 μL/well of either Assay Medium, 10× VEGF solution or 10× bFGF solution. Cells are then incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO₂.

4. After 24 hours in the presence of growth factors, 10×[³H]thymidine (10 μL/well) is added.

5. Three days after addition of [³H]thymidine, medium is removed by aspiration, and cells are washed twice with Cell Wash Medium (400 μL/well followed by 200 μL/well). The washed, adherent cells are then solubilized by addition of Cell Lysis Solution (100 μL/well) and warming to 37° C. for 30 minutes. Cell lysates are transferred to 7-mL glass scintillation vials containing 150 μL of water. Scintillation cocktail (5 mL/vial) is added, and cell-associated radioactivity is determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy.

Based upon the foregoing assays the compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of VEGF and thus are useful for the inhibition of angiogenesis, such as in the treatment of ocular disease, e.g., diabetic retinopathy and in the treatment of cancers, e.g., solid tumors. The instant compounds inhibit VEGF-stimulated mitogenesis of human vascular endothelial cells in culture with IC₅₀ values between 0.01–5.0 μM. These compounds may also show selectivity over related tyrosine kinases (e.g., FGFR1 and the Src family; for relationship between Src kinases and VEGFR kinases, see Eliceiri et al., Molecular Cell, Vol. 4, pp. 915–924, December 1999).

III. FLT-1 Kinase Assay

Flt-1 was expressed as a GST fusion to the Flt-1 kinase domain and was expressed in baculovirus/insect cells. The following protocol was employed to assay compounds for Flt-1 kinase inhibitory activity:

-   1. Inhibitors were diluted to account for the final dilution in the     assay, 1:20. -   2. The appropriate amount of reaction mix was prepared at room     temperature:     -   10× Buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.4/0.1 M NaCl/1 mM DTT final)     -   0.1M MnCl₂ (5 mM final)     -   pEY substrate (75 μg/mL)     -   ATP/[³³P]ATP (2.5 μM/1 μCi final)     -   BSA (500 μg/mL final). -   3. 5 μL of the diluted inhibitor was added to the reaction mix.     (Final volume of 5 μL in 50% DMSO). To the positive control wells,     blank DMSO (50%) was added. -   4. 35 μL of the reaction mix was added to each well of a 96 well     plate. -   5. Enzyme was diluted into enzyme dilution buffer (kept at 4° C.). -   6. 10 μL of the diluted enzyme was added to each well and mix (5 nM     final). To the negative control wells, 10 μL 0.5 M EDTA was added     per well instead (final 100 mM). -   7. Incubation was then carried out at room temperature for 30     minutes. -   8. Stopped by the addition of an equal volume (50 μL) of 30%     TCA/0.1M Na pyrophosphate. -   9. Incubation was then carried out for 15 minutes to allow     precipitation. -   10. Transfered to Millipore filter plate. -   11. Washed 3× with 15% TCA/0.1M Na pyrophosphate (125 μL per wash). -   12. Allowed to dry under vacuum for 2–3 minutes. -   13. Dryed in hood for 20 minutes. -   14. Assembled Wallac Millipore adapter and added 50 μL of     scintillant to each well and counted.

Indolinyl-isoquinolinone compounds which specifically inhibit, regulate and/or modulate the signal transduction of tyrosine kinases have been previously reported, see WO 01/29025, published 26 Apr. 2001, herein incorporated by reference. The present compounds, however, exhibit enhanced pharmaceutical properties, such as pharmacokinetics and side effect profiles.

EXAMPLES

Examples provided are intended to assist in a further understanding of the invention. Particular materials employed, species and conditions are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting of the reasonable scope thereof.

2-Chloro-3-iodo-quinoline (1-2)

A suspension of 3-(2-chloro)-quinolineboronic acid (1-1, 5.05 g, 24.3 mmol, 1 equiv, prepared by the method of Marsais, F; Godard, A.; Queguiner, G. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1989, 26, 1589–1594) and N-iodosuccinimide (5.48 g, 24.4 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in acetonitrile (300 mL) was stirred at 23° C. in the dark for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, and the resulting yellow solid was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water, then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give 2-chloro-3-iodo-quinoline as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.99 (br d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.75 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.72 (br d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.57 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz).

5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1H-indole (1-4)

A solution of 5-hydroxyindole 1-3 (5.50 g, 41.3 mmol, 1 equiv), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (7.47 g, 49.6 mmol, 1.20 equiv), and imidazole (7.03 g, 103 mmol, 2.50 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was stirred at 23° C. for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water (3×), then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (40% dichloromethane in hexanes, then 60% dichloromethane in hexanes) to give 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1H-indole as a colorless oil which solidified upon standing. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (br s, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.17 (t, 1H, J=2.8 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.3 Hz), 6.44 (m, 1H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.19 (s, 6H).

5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1-5)

A solution of 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1H-indole 1-4 (10.2 g, 41.3 mmol, 1 equiv), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (14.4 g, 66.0 equiv, 1.60 equiv), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.01 g, 8.25 mmol, 0.200 equiv) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was stirred at 23° C. for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (40% dichloromethane in hexanes) to afford 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1-5) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.96 (br d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.54 (br d, 1H, J=3.1 Hz), 6.98 (d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz), 6.45 (d, 1H, J=3.7 Hz), 1.66 (s, 9H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H).

1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1H-indol-2-ylboronic acid (1-6)

A solution of tert-butyllithium in pentane (1.7 M, 20.7 mL, 35.2 mmol, 1.20 equiv) was added to a solution of 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1–5, 10.2 g, 29.3 mmol, 1 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) at −78° C. The resulting light-brown solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes, then trimethylborate (6.67 mL, 58.7 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed to 0° C., then diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 mL) and ethyl ether (200 mL). The aqueous layer was made acidic with aqueous 10% potassium hydrogensulfate solution. The organic layer was separated, then washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residual yellow solid was triturated with hexanes to give 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1H-indol-2-ylboronic acid (1-6) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 6.97 (br s, 2H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz), 1.73 (s, 9H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H).

tert-Butyl 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (1-7)

A deoxygenated mixture of 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-{[tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1H-indol-2-ylboronic acid 1-6 (4.10 g, 10.5 mmol, 1 equiv), 2-chloro-3-iodo-quinoline (1-2, 3.64 g, 12.6 mmol, 1.20 equiv), potassium phosphate (6.67 g, 31.4 mmol, 3.00 equiv), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.605 g, 0.524 mmol, 0.050 equiv) in dioxane (100 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, then partitioned between a mixture of water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (20% dichloromethane in hexanes, grading to 90% dichloromethane in hexanes) to give tert-butyl 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (1-7) as a tan-colored foam. ¹H NMR (400 MD, CDCl₃) δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.60 (br t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 6.92 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H), 1.02 (s, 9H), 0.23 (s, 6H).

tert-Butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (1-8)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate 1-7 (2.50 g, 4.91 mmol, 1 equiv) and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (3.60 mL, 22.1 mmol, 4.50 equiv) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was stirred at 23° C. for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (1-8) as a tan colored foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.18 (d, 1H, J= 9.0 Hz), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J=2.6 Hz), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H).

3-[5-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-9)

A mixture of tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-1-carboxylate 1-8 (395 mg, 1.00 mmol, 1 equiv), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-piperidine hydrochloride (276 mg, 1.50 mmol, 1.50 equiv), and cesium carbonate (978 mg, 3.00 mmol, 3.00 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water then brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to give a pale-yellow foam. The foam was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of water and acetic acid (60 mL), and the resulting solution was heated at 110° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was stirred in aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution which yielded a tan solid. The tan solid was filtered, then suspended in warm ethanol (2×20 mL) and filtered to give 3-[5-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-9) as a yellow solid. The ethanolic filtrate was concentrated and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (5% ethanol saturated with ammonia in ethyl acetate to afford additional 1-9. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.06 (br s, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.06 (t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz), 2.67 (t, 3H, J=5.5 Hz), 2.45 (br m, 4H), 1.51 (br m, 4H), 1.39 (br m, 2H).

Compounds 1-10 through 1-19 below and Compounds 1-20 through 1-55 in Table 1 below were prepared by simple modifications of the protocols described above. The alkyl halides used in the following examples were either commercially available or prepared by alkylation of the corresponding amine with either 1-bromo-2-chloroethane in the presence of potassium carbonate in acetone by the method of Miyahara, M.; Sueyoshi, S.; Kamiya, S. Chem. Pahrm. Bull. 1985, 33, 5557–5561, or 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in benzene according to the method of Adams and Whitmore J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 735. In some cases, the mesylates of commercially available or readily available alcohols were prepared (MsCl, Et₃N) and utilized in place of the corresponding alkyl chlorides.

3-[5-(2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-10)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J=1.3 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.07 (t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz), 2.81 (t, 3H, J=5.9 Hz), 2.55 (br m, 4H), 1.70 (br m, 4H).

3-[5-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-11)

¹HNMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.7, 1.8 Hz), 4.09 (t, 2H, J=5.8 Hz), 3.59 (br t, 4H, J=4.5 Hz), 2.71 (t, 3H, J=5.7 Hz), 2.50 (br m, 4H).

3-[5-(3-dimethylamino-2-methyl-propoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-12)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 11), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=1.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 3.95 (dd, 1H, J=9.3, 4.4 Hz), 3.77 (dd, 1H J=9.2, 6.2 Hz), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.01 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz).

3-[5-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-13)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H, J=2.1 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.7, 2.3 Hz), 3.99 (t, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 2.41 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.34 (br m, 4H), 1.87 (pentet, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.50 (br m, 4H), 1.39 m, 2H).

3-(5-{2-[benzyl-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-14)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.32 (br t, 2H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.05 (t, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.46 (t, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.89 (t, 2H, J=6.2 Hz), 2.74 (t, 2H, J=6.2 Hz).

3-[5-(2-diethylamino-ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1-quinolin-2-one (1-15)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 4.02 (t, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=6.2 Hz), 2.57 (q, 4H, J=7.1 Hz), 0.99 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz).

3-{5-[3-(benzyl-methyl-amino)-propoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-16)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.32 (br m, 5H), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.22 (br s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.03 (br m, 2H), 3.50 (br s, 2H), 2.70 (br m, 2H), 2.16 (br s, 3H), 1.94 (br m, 2H).

1-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yloxy]-ethyl}-piperidine-4-carbonitrile (1-17)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J=1.3 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz), 4.07 (t, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.72 (t, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H).

3-{5-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one (1-18)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.72 (br d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 7.03 (br s, 1H), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 1.8 Hz), 3.99 (t, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 2.44 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.36 (br m, 8H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 2H).

3-[5-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1-quinolin-2-one (1-19)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.04 (d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.01 (t, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 3.58 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 2.45 (t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.38 (br m, 4H), 1.89 (pentet, 2H, J=7.0 Hz).

TABLE 1

Compound No. Name R 1-20 3-(5-{2-[bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-21 3-(5-{2-[ethyl(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-22 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino]ethoxyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-23 3-(5-{2-[(2S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-24 3-(5-{2-[(2R)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-25 3-{5-[(4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)methoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-26 3-(5-{2-[benzyl(butyl)amino]ethoxyl}-1H-indol-2-yI)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-27 3-(5-{3-[benzyl(2-methoxyethyl)amino]propoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-28 3-{5-[(4-ethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-29 3-{5-[2-(3-methoxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-30 3-{5-[2-(4-methoxy-1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-31 3-{5-[2-(1-azepanyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-32 3-(methoxymethyl)-1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)piperidiniumtrifluoroacetate

1-33 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(2-phenylethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-34 3-(5-{[(3R)-1-benzylpiperidinyl]oxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-35 3-(5-{[(2S)-1-benzylpyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-36 3-{5-[(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-37 3-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)- OMe quinolinone 1-38 3-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-indol- OCH₂CH₂OMe 2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone 1-39 3-[5-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-40 3-(5-{[(2S)-1-(methylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-41 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(methyl)nitroryl]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-42 3-{5-[2-(4-methyl-3-oxo-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-43 3-{5-[2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-44 3-{5-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-45 3-{5-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-46 3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-47 3-{5-[2-(4-glycoloyl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-48 2-oxo-2-[4-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl acetate

1-49 3-{5-[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-50 3-{5-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-51 3-{5-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone

1-52 {[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)- OCH₂CO₂H 1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}acetic acid 1-53 {[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)- OCH₂CN 1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}acetonitrile 1-54 3-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)- OH quinolinone 1-55 3-(1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone H

3-5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (2-1)

10% Pd/C (840 mg) was added to a solution (150 mL) of 3-(5-{2-[Benzyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-amino]-ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone, Compound 1-27, (840 mg, 1.8 mmol) in EtOAc (150 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred under a hydrogen balloon for 18 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated to a yellow solid which was purified by chromatography on a silica column. Elution with EtOAc to 25% NH₃-EtOH/EtOAc gave 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (2-1) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.65 (br s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.29 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.55 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.07 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 2.91 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz).

3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(2-methoxy-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]amino}ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone (2-2)

A solution of 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 2-1 (150 mg, 0.4 mmol), 2-methoxypyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (110 mg, 0.8 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (168 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DCE (25 mL) was stirred under ambient conditions for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated. The residue was suspended in ethyl ether with the aid of sonication, then filtered and air dried to provide 3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(2-methoxy-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]amino} ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone (2-2) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.60 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.27 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.22 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.01 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 2.84 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz).

Compounds 2-3 through 2-12 in Table 2 were prepared by simple modifications to the protocols described above. Selected NMR spectra for 2-3 and 2-4 are as follow: 2-3, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.54 (dd, 1H, J=4, 1 Hz), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.33 (m, 3H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J=2 Hz), 6.96 (d, 1H, J=2 Hz), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.03 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 2.86 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz). 2-4, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.40 (br s, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.64 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.56 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.34–7.21 (m, 3H), 7.14 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 4.14 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.55 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.09 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 2.93 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz).

TABLE 2

Compound No. Name R 2-3 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(4-pyridinyl-methyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

2-4 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(2-pyridinyl-methyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

2-5 3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]amino}ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolonone

2-6 3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)methyl]amino}ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

2-7 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

2-8 3-(5-{2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)(2-methoxyethyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

2-9 3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)methyl]amino}ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

 2-10 3-[5-(2-{(2-methoxyethyl)[(2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]amino}ethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

 2-11 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(3-pyridinyl-methyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

 2-12 3-(5-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)(5-pyrimidinyl-methyl)amino]ethoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

(2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-methoxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (3-2)

Sodium hydride (543 mg, 22.6 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was carefully added to a solution of (2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (3-1, 3.00 g, 11.3 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (100 nL) at 0° C., and resulting mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. Iodomethane (2.11 mL, 33.9 mmol, 3.00 equiv) was added, and the mixture was warmed to 23° C. and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution washed with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The aqueous layer was then acidified with 1 N HCl solution to pH 3 and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). This organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide (2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy) carbonyl]-4-methoxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (3-2) as a light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) major rotamer: δ 7.40–7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.52 (t, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.67 (dd, 1H, J=11.4, 2.8 Hz), 3.57 (dd, 1H, J=11.4, 4.6 Hz), 3.32 (s, 31), 2.34 (m, 2H).

Benzyl (2S,4R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-3)

A solution of borane-tetrahydrofuran complex in THF (1M, 53.0 mL, 53.0 mmol, 3.50 equiv) was added to a solution of (2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy) carbonyl]4-methoxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (3-2, 4.23 g, 15.1 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (200 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was wanned to 23° C. and stirred for 1 hour. Excess borane was carefully quenched with water. The mixture was then partitioned between a 1:1 mixture of saturated sodium carbonate solution and brine (300 mL) and ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane initally, grading to 100% EtOAc) to provide benzyl (2S,4R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-3) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) major rotamer: δ 7.37–7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.18 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=12.2 Hz), 4.51 (dd, 1H, J=8.3, 2.2 Hz), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.78 (dd, 1H, J=11.7, 2.2 Hz), 3.72 (brd, 1H, J=11.7 Hz), 3.61 (ddd, 1H, J=9.8, 7.4, 2.2 Hz), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=12.2, 4.4 Hz), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H).

Benzyl (2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-{[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl}-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-4)

Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.175 mL, 2.26 mmol, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of (2S,4R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-3, 0.500 g, 1.88 mmol, 1 equiv) and triethylamine (0.394 mL, 2.83 mmol, 1.50 equiv) in dichloromethane (30 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 23° C. and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and dichloromethane (2×40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane initially, grading to 100% EtOAc) to provide benzyl (2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-{[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl}-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-4) as a light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) major rotamer: δ 7.37–7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.17 (d, 1H, J=11.8 Hz), 5.10 (d, 1H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.65 (dd, 1H, J=8.3, 3.8 Hz), 4.24 (br m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.68 (br d, 1H, J=12.0 Hz), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J=12.0, 4.4 Hz), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1H).

tert-Butyl 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]4-methoxypyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (3-5)

A mixture of benzyl (2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-{[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl}-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (3-4, 380 mg, 1.11 mmol, 1 equiv), 2-B (437 mg, 1.11 mmol, 1.00 equiv), and cesium carbonate (433 mg, 1.33 mmol, 1.20 equiv) in DMF (5.0 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane, grading to 40% EtOAc in hexane) to give tert-butyl 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (3-5). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) major rotamer: δ 8.17 (m, 2H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.87 (br d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.61 (t, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.38–7.22 (br m, 5H), 7.10 (br s, 1H), 6.94 (br m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.17 (br s, 2H), 4.35 (br m, 2H), 4.16 (br m, 2H), 3.60 (br m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.32 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 1H).

tert-Butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (3-6)

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (3-5, 295 mg, 0.459 mmol, 1 equiv) and 10% palladium on carbon (200 mg, 0.188 mmol, 0.410 equiv) in ethanol (10 mL) was stirred under a hydrogen balloon for 1.5 hours. The catalyst was filtered onto a pad of celite and washed with ethanol (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromotography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient w/0.1% TFA present) to give tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (3-6). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H, J=9.3 Hz), 8.02 (br t, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.86 (br t, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.70 (br t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 2.7), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.23 (br m, 3H), 3.51 (br d, 1H, J=12.7 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=12.7, 3.4 Hz), 3.40 (s, 3H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H).

3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (3-7)

A solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4 methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (6-6, 29 mg, 0.057 mmol) was heated in a 8:1 mixture of acetic acid and water (5 mL) at 90° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated, and the residue was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromotography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient w/0.1% TFA present) to give 3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (3-7) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.53 (br t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.29 (br t, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 6.89 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 4.39 (dd, 1H, J=10.2, 2.8 Hz), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dd, 1H, J=13.9, 6.9 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J=12.6, 3.6 Hz), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.45 (br dd, 1H, J=13.9, 6.5 Hz), 2.05 (m, 1H).

Compounds 3-8 through 3-21 in Table 3 below were prepared by simple modifications of the protocols described above. For examples 3-13 through 3-15, (2R,4R)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid was used as the starting material. For examples 3-17 through 3-19, TBSCl was used in place of iodomethane in the first step of sequence described in Scheme 3. For examples 3-20 and 3-21, 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid were used as starting material, respectively. Selected NMR spectra for 3-8 and 3-9 are as follow: 3-8, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.1 (s, 1H), 9.27 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 2H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.29 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.07 (d, 1H, J=2 Hz), 6.96 (br s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.25 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.58 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 3.36–3.22 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.96 (m, 1H). 3-9, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.2 (s, 1H), 11.4 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, 2H, J=7 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.42–7.32 (m, 4H), 7.24 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.74 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.54 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.20–3.13 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H).

TABLE 3

Compound No. Compound R 3-8  3-[5-({(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-1-[(2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]pyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-9  3-[5-({(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-1-[(1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)methyl]pyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-10 3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-1-benzyl-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-11 benzyl(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate

3-12 3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-1-methylpyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinlinone

3-13 (2R,4R)-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate

3-14 3-(5-{[(2R,4R)-1-ethyl-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl]methoxy}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-15 (2R,4R)-1-benzyl-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)pyrrolidiniumtrifluoroacetate

3-16 3-[5-({(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-1-[(1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)methyl]pyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-17 3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidinyl]methoxyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-18 3-[5-({(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-[(1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)methyl]pyrrolidinyl}methoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone

3-19 benzyl(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)-1-pyrroidinecarboxylate

3-20 3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)piperidiniumtrifluoroacetate

3-21 4-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)piperidiniumtrifluoroacetate

1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (4-1)

Compound 4-1 was synthesized by the protocol described in Scheme 1 above.

1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (4-2)

1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy} ethyl)-4-piperidine-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4-1, 138 mg, 0.30 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL). 1 N NaOH (6 mL, 20 equiv) was added and the solution warmed at 50° C. for 5 hours. The reaction was concentrated, and the residue was suspended in 4 mL of water. This suspension was neutralized with 1 N HCl to provide 1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (4-2) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.53 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J=9, 2 Hz), 4.34 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H).

Compounds 4-3 through 4-16 in Table 4 below were made by simple modifications of the hydrolysis conditions described above. The corresponding ester precursors were prepared by alkylation chemistry analogous to that depicted in Schemes 1 and 3. Selected NMR spectra for 4-3 and 4-4 are as follow: 4-3, ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.28 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.18 (br s, 1H), 6.92 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 4.36 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.74 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.62 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.45 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.61 (t, 2H, J=5 Hz). 4-4, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.1 (s, 1H), 11.5 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.15–2.75 (m, 4H), 2.4–1.5 (m, 9H).

TABLE 4

Compound No. Compound R 4-3  N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-beta-alanine

4-4  1-(3-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid

4-5  3-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)pyrrolidinyl]propanoic acid

4-6  [(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)pyrrolidinyl]acetic acid

4-7  4-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-2-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)pyrrolidinyl]butanoic acid

4-8  1-(3-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid

4-9  [(2-methoxyethyl)(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)amino]acetic acid

4-10 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)amino]butanoic acid

4-11 1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid

4-12 1-(3-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid

4-13 1-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid

4-14 2-carboxy-N-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)ethanaminium trifluoroacetate

4-15 N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)cyclopropanaminiumtrifluoroacetate

4-16 N-cyclobutyl-N-(2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ethyl)-beta-alanine

(1H-Indol-5-yl)-methanol (5-2)

To a mechanically stirred solution of 1H-Indole-5-carboxylic acid (5-1, 20.01 g, 124 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added at ambient temperature slowly a solution of 1M-LAH in toluene (186 mL, 186 mmol, 1.5 equiv). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour, quenched with ice, partitioned between ethylacetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product solidified upon standing under the reduced pressure. The crude solid was suspended in hexanes (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL), stirred overnight, collected by filtration and air-dried to afford the desired product as a light brown solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 1.68 (s, 1H).

5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-3)

A stirred solution of (1H-Indol-5-yl)-methanol (5-2, 16.5 g, 112.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 mL) was subsequently treated at ambient temperature with diisopropylethylamine (39 mL, 224.2 mmol, 2 equiv), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (18.6 g, 123.3 mmol, 1.1 equiv), and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (1.37 g, 11.2 mmol, 0.1 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.5N-HCl. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo to give the crude silylether as a light brown solid. The crude product and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (26.9, 123.3 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (300 mL) and stirred at ambient temperature in the presence of 4-N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (1.37 g, 11.2 mmol) for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.5N-HCl. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude oil. Chromatography (SiO₂, 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) afforded 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-3) as a white solid; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.97 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J=3.2 Hz), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 6.44 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 4.72 (s, 2H), 1.56 (s, 9H), 0.84 (s, 9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).

5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-indole-1-tert-butyloxycarbonylindole-2-boronic acid (5-4)

To a stirred solution of 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-3, 38.6 g, 106.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (400 mL) was slowly added at −78° C. a solution of lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran (2M, 80.1 mL, 160.1 mmol, 1.5 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour, treated with trimethylborate, warmed up to ambient temperature, and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.5N-HCl. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude solid. Trituation of the crude product with hexanes followed by filtration and air-drying afforded the desired boronic acid (5-4) as a white powder; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.96 (d, 1H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.10 (s, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 1.74 (s, 9H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).

3-Iodo-1H-quinolin-2-one (5-5)

The 2-chloro-3-iodoquinoline (1-2, 30.0 g) was weighed into a 250 mL flask and suspended in of 50% aqueous acetic acid (125 mL). The mixture was heated to 100° C. and allowed to reflux for 16 hours to completion by TLC analysis of the crude reaction mixture. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature followed by dilution with 200 mL of water. The desired product was isolated by vacuum filtration followed by washing with water (50 mL). The water and traces of acetic acid were removed under vacuum for 5 hours to afford the desired quinolinone as a tan powder (5-5); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.13 (br s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.31 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.20 (m, 1H).

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-7)

A stirred mixture of the iodoquinolinone (5-5, 10 g, 36.9 mmol, 1 equiv), the boronic acid (5-4, 7.5 g, 18.45 mmol, 0.5 equiv), tetrakis (triphenyl-phosphine)palladium (1.71 g, 1,48 mmol, 0.04 equiv), and lithium chloride (4.69 g, 110.7 mmol, 3 equiv) in dioxane/2M-aqueous Na₂CO₃ was degassed and heated at 80° C. until the boronic acid is not detected by thin layer chromatography. Additional boronic acid (0.2 equiv at a time) was added to the reaction mixture until all the iodoquinolinone (5-5) was consumed completely (1.5 equivalent of the boronic acid, 5-4, in total, was required). The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil (5-6) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), transferred to the PEG bottle, treated at 0° C. with HF-pyridine (15 mL) and stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was trituated with ethyl acetate and hexanes, collected by filtration and air-dried to afford the desired product (5-7) as a light yellow solid; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.1 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.22 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.77 (s, 1H), 5.21 (t, 1H, J=5.5 Hz), 4.60 (d, 2H, J=5.5 Hz), 1.35 (s, 9H).

5-Formyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-8)

The pre-activated MnO₂ (34.5 g, 15 equiv) and the alcohol (5-7, 10.32 g, 1.0 equiv) were weighed into a 1 liter flask and suspended in dry dichloromethane (500 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 45° C. and was complete by thin layer chromatography after 1 hour. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the manganese oxide(s) were removed by vacuum filtration. The resulting pad of oxides on the filter were triturated with hot THF and the solvent filtered through under vacuum to remove any product from the oxides. The resulting filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude aldehyde as a yellow solid. The solid was triturated with methanol (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL) followed by vacuum filtration to isolate the pure product. The light-yellow aldehyde was dried under vacuum (5-8); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 10.08 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 8.24 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, 1H, J=8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.77 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H).

5-(4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-9)

To a stirred solution of the aldehyde (5-8, 2.01 g, 5.15 mmol, 1 equiv) and N-methanesulfonylpiperazine acetic acid salt (4.62 g, 20.60 mmol, 4 equiv) in dichloroethane (400 mL) was added at ambient temperature acetic acid (1.2 mL). The reaction mixture was treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction stopped at 76% of conversion and treated with MgSO₄ and additional 1 g of the hydride. After further stirring for 1 hour the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was once again washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and then with brine, separated, dried with (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was dissolved in dimethylformamide and treated with the activated carbon. The filtrate solution (celite) was concentrated to syrup which was quickly trituated with methanol (100 mL). The resulting solid was collected by filtration, redissolved in dimethylformamide, concentrated to syrup, trituated with methanol (100 mL), collected by filtration and vacuum-dried to give 5-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-9) as a white powder; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.06 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dt, 1H, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J=8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.22 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 4H), 1.35 (s, 9H).

3-[5-(4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (5-10)

A mixture of 5-(4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5-9, 1.02 g, 1.863 mmol), dimethylsulfide (1.2 mL), water (0.6 mL) and TFA (40 mL) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude solid was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to give trifluoroacetic acid salt of 5-10. All the fractions containing the desired product was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, separated, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to give 3-[5-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (5-10) as a bright yellow solid; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.07 (s, 1H), 11.54 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.47–7.46 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 3.57 (s, 2H), 3.11 (m, 4H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 4H).

3-[5-(4-Methanesulfonyl-1-oxy-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one (5-11)

A solution of 5-10 (50 g, 0.11 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH₂Cl₂ (125 mL) was treated at ambient temperature with mCPBA (70%, 35 mg, 0.143 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude solid was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to give trifluoroacetic acid salt of 5-11; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.57 (s, 1H); 12.22 (s, 1H); 11.86 (s, 1H); 8.60 (s, 1H); 7.79 (bs, 1H); 7.74 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz); 7.64 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz); 7.54 (m, 1H); 7.40 (m, 2H); 7.28 (m, 2H); 4.97 (s, 2H); 3.85 (t, 2H, J=11.7 Hz); 3.73 (d, 2H, J=13.2 Hz); 3.61 (d, 2H, J=12.5 Hz); 3.34 (t, 2H, J=11.9 Hz); 3.04 (s, 3H).

Compounds 5-12 through 5-93 in Table 5 below (except for 5-15, 16, 18, 29, 30 and 31) were prepared by simple modifications of the protocols described above. Selected spectra are as follow: 5-14, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 11.52 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.42 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 3H); 5-20, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 11.53 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3.61 (s, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.54–2.50 (m, 6H); 5-23, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.15 (br s, 1H), 11.51 (s, 11), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3:48 (s, 2H), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.52 (s, 1H), 2.30 (m, 4H); 5-37, ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.16 (br s, 1H), 11.53 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz), 4.51 (t, 1H, J=5.5 Hz), 4.06 (d, 1H, J=5.5 Hz) 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 4H).

Sulfonamides (5-15 and 16) were prepared from the corresponding secondary amines (by treating 5-12 and 13, respectively, with methanesulfonyl chloride and diisopropylethylamine in dichloromethane at ambient temperature).

Carboxylic acids (5-18, 29,30 and 31) were synthesized from the parent esters (5-17, 26, 27 and 28, respectively) by the hydrolysis (NaOH/EtOH at 90° C.); The starting ester (5-28, 57 mg, 124 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (1 mL) and 1N-NaOH (1 mL). The mixture was heated to 90° C. The reaction was monitored by LC/MS. The starting material had all converted to product after stirring for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was condensed, and residue was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. The excess trifluoroacetic acid was removed on the rotovap. The residue was taken up in water and the material was centrifuged. The water was decanted, and the solid was analyzed by HPLC for purity. The product (5-31) was isolated as a yellow solid; ¹H NMR (500 MD, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.06 (s, 1H); 11.77 (s, 1H); 8.58 (s, 1H); 7.74 (d, 1H,); 7.60–7.52 (m, 3H); 4.3 (bs, 1H); 2.24 (m, 4H); 2.15 (m, 4H); 1.12 (bs, 3H).

TABLE 5 Compound No. Structure Compound Name 5-12

3-(5-Cyclopropylaminomethyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-13

3-{5-[(2-Methoxy-ethylamino)-methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-14

3-[5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-15

N-Cyclopropyl-N-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-methanesulfonamide 5-16

N-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-N-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-ethanesulfonamide 5-17

3-{(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-amino}-propionic acid methyl ester 5-18

(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-ammonium; trifluoroacetate 5-19

3-[5-(1-Oxo-1,4-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-20

3-[5-(4-Methyl-5-oxo-[1,4]diazepan-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-21

3-[5-(3-(R)-Hydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-22

3-[5-(1,1-Dioxo-1,4-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-23

3-(5-Piperazin-1-ylmethyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-24

3-[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-25

3-{5-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-26

3-{4-[2-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propionic acid ethyl ester 5-27

2-Methyl-3-{4-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester 5-28

3-{4-[2-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-butyric acid methyl ester 5-29

4-(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-ium; 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetate 5-30

4-(2-Carboxy-propyl)-1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-ium; 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetate 5-31

4-(2-Carboxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydio-quinolin-3-yl)-H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-ium; 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetate 5-32

3-[5-(4-Acetyl-[1,4]diazepan-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-33

3-(5-[1,4]Diazepan-1-ylmethyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-34

3-[5-(4-Methanesulfonyl-[1,4]diazepan-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-35

3-Oxo-1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazin-1-ium;2,2,2-trifluoro-acetate 5-36

3-[5-(3-amino-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-37

3-{5-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethanoyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-38

3-{5-[4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-39

N-Methyl-N-{1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-acetamide 5-40

3-(5-{[4-(aminoacetyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-41

N-{1-[2-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-1-ylmethyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-acetamide 5-42

3-[5-(3-Dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-43

4-[2-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic aciddimethylamide 5-44

3-{5-[4-(2-Amino-2-methyl-propanoyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-1H-quinolin-2-one 5-45

N-{1-[2-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-methanesulfonamide 5-46

N-Methyl-N-{1-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ylmethyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-methanesulfonamnide 5-47

3-(5-{[(3R)-tetrahydro-3-furanylamino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-48

3-(5-{[4-acetyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-49

3-(5-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-50

ethyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-4-piperdinecarboxylate 5-51

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-4-piperdinecarboxylic acid 5-52

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-3-piperdinecarboxylic acid 5-53

(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-4-piperdinyl)acetic acid 5-54

(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-3-piperdinyl)acetic acid 5-55

3-[5-({[(1-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-56

3-[5-({methyl[(1-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-57

3-(5-{[methyl(1-tetrahydro-2-furanylethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-58

3-(5-{[methyl(4-piperidinyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-59

3-(5-{[2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-60

3-(5-{[(3-piperidinylmethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-61

3-(5-{[(1-tetrahydro-3-furanylethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-62

3-(5-{[(1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-3-thienyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-63

3-(5-{[({3R,4R}-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-3-thienyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-64

3-(5-{[(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-65

3-(5-{[({1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl}methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone 5-66

3-{5-[(5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-67

3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-68

3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-69

3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-70

3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-71

3-[5-({methyl[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-72

3-(5-{[4-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-73

3-[5-(}[(1,1-dioxoidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-74

2-(4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)acetamide 5-75

3-{5-[(4-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-76

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-4-sulfonamide 5-77

3-(5-{[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-78

3-(5-{[(2-aminoethyl)amino]methyl}-1H{-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-79

3-(5-{[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-80

methyl 3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl)amino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 5-81

3-{5-[(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-82

N-methyl-3-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}amino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide 5-83

4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide 5-84

methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylate 5-85

methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylicacid 5-86

3-(5{[4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-87

N-[(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]methanesulfonamide 5-88

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-L-prolinamide 5-89

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indo1-5-yl]methyl}-D-prolinamide 5-90

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-y]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide 5-91

4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide 5-92

3-{5-[(3-oxohexahydroimidazol[1,5-a]pyrazin-7(1H)-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 5-93

3-[5-(azetidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one

2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (6-1)

A solution of 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde (5-8, 500 mg, 1.29 mmol, 1 equiv) in a 4:1 mixture of TBF and t-BuOH was treated with 2-methyl butene (8 mL), an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate monobasic (0.14 M 355.2 mg, 2.57 mmol, 2.00 equiv), and sodium chlorite (232.8 mg, 2.57 mmol, 2.00 equiv). Additional solid sodium phosphate monobasic (380 mg, 2.76 mmol, 2.14 equiv) and sodium chlorite (300 mg, 3.32 mmol, 2.57 equiv) was added in 2 equal portions over 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (60 mL), then washed twice with a 25:1 mixture of aqueous 10% sodium bisulfite solution and 10% potassium hydrogen sulfate solution (2×50 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and combined with a precipitate in the aqueous layer which was filtered and dried to 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (6-1) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.13 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.14 (m, 3H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.76 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J=7.8), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=7.8), 7.24 (t, 1H, J=7.8) 1.36 (s, 9H).

tert-Butyl 5-{[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (6-2)

A solution of 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (6-1, 130 mg, 0.321 mmol, 1 equiv), tert-butyl 1-piperazine carboxylate (71.8 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 equiv), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (73.5 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 equiv), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (52.5 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 equiv), and triethylamine (112 μL, 0.80 mmol, 2.50 equiv) in DMF (5 mL) was stirred for 20 hours. The solution was partitioned between EtOAc (3×100 mL) and water (120 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, then concentrated to afford the tert-butyl 5-{[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (6-2). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.73 (s, 1H), 3.55–3.35 (br m, 8H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 91).

3-[5-(1-piperazinylcarbonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone (6-3)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-{[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (6-2, 213 mg, 0.373 mmol, 1 equiv) in a 1:1 mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and trifluoroacetic acid (40 mL) was treated with 3 drops of DMSO and H₂O, and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 45 minutes. The solution was concentrated, and the residue was dried by azeotropic removal of water using a 90:10 mixture of toluene and methanol (100 mL). It was then purified by reverse phase chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to provide 3-[5-(1-piperazinylcarbonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone (6-3) as a TFA salt (brown solid). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 11.83 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.25 (m, 2H), 3.86–3.15 (br m, 8H).

Compounds 6-4 through 6-29 in Table 6 below were prepared by simple modification of the protocols described above. Selected spectra are as follow: 6-4, ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 11.77 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.60 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 3.53 (br m, 4H), 2.33 (br m, 4H), 2.21 (s, 3H). 6-5, ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.79 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.36 (brt, 1H, J=6 Hz), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.65 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.55 (d, 1H, 8.8 Hz), 7.53 (t, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 3.17 (brt, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 3.07 (br d, 2H, J=12.9 Hz), 2.59 (m, 2H), 1.71 (br m, 3H), 1.17 (m, 2H).

TABLE 6 Compound No. Structure Compound Name 6-4

3-{5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)carbo-nyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinoli-none 6-5

2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-N-(4-pipe-ridinylmethyl)-1H-indole-5-car-boxamide 6-6

N-[3-(dimethylamino)-2,2-di-methylpropyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dole-5-carboxamide 6-7

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]carbo-nyl}-4-piperidinaminiumtrifluoroacetate 6-8

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]carbo-nyl}piperazin-4-iumtrifluoroacetate 6-9

1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-1H-indol-5-yl}carbo-nyl}-3-pyrrolidinaminiumtrifluoroacetate 6-10

2-[({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ace-tyl)amino]ethanaminiumtrifluoroacetate 6-11

1-({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}ace-tyl)piperazin-4-iumtrifluoroacetate 6-12

methyl(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-[({[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]oxy}acetyl)amino]pro-panoate 6-13

3-{5-[(3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbo-nyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-14

3-{5-[2-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-15

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]oxy}acetamide 6-16

N-methyl-2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]oxy}acetamide 6-17

N,N-dimethyl-2-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]oxy}acet-amide 6-18

3-{5-[2-(1,1-dioxido-4-thio-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-1H-in-dol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-19

3-{5-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-20

3-{5-[2-(4-hydroxy-1-pipe-ridinyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-1H-in-dol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-21

3-{5-[2-(3-hydroxy-1-pyr-rolidinyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-1H-in-dol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-22

3-{5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 6-23

N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-in-dole-5-carboxamide 6-24

N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-in-dole-5-carboxamide 6-25

N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-in-dole-5-carboxamide 6-26

N-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyr-rolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carbox-amide 6-27

N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-in-dole-5-carboxamide 6-28

2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-pyr-rolidin-3-yl-1H-indole-5-carbox-amide 6-29

3-{5-[{3-aminoazetidin-1-yl)carbo-nyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quino-lin-2(1H)-one

tert-butyl 5-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-1)

1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-indol-2-ylboronic acid (5-4, 5.60 g, 13.8 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added in 4 equal portions over 8 hours to a deoxygenated solution of 2-chloro-3-iodoquinoline (1-2, 2.00 g, 6.91 mmol, 1 equiv), lithium chloride (0.878 g, 20.7 mmol, 3.00 equiv), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.400 g, 0.346 mmol, 0.0500 equiv), and aqueous sodium carbonate solution (2M, 10.4 mL, 20.7 mmol, 3.00 equiv) in dioxane (50 mL) at 80° C., and the resulting mixture was heated an additional 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled then partitioned between brine and ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane initially, grading to 50% EtOAc in hexane) to provide tert-butyl 5-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl) silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-1) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.25 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 6H).

tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-2)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-1, 2.50 g, 4.78 mmol, 1 equiv) and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (3.89 mL, 23.9 mmol, 5.00 equiv) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was carefully partitioned between saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-2) as a tan foam. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.31 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.78 (br t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.62 (br t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 6.66 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 1.81 (br s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 5-(azidomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-3) 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.400 mL, 2.69 mmol, 1.10 equiv) was added dropwise over 2 minutes to a solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-2, 1.00 g, 2.45 mmol, 1 equiv) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.580 mL, 2.69 mmol, 1.10 equiv) in THF (20 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 23° C. and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate (2×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane, grading to 50% EtOAc in hexane) to afford tert-butyl 5-(azidomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-3) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.34 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.79 (br t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.62 (br t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 1.5 Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H). tert-butyl 5-(aminomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-4)

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(azidomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-3, 730 mg, 1.68 mmol) in EtOAc (50 mL) and 10% Pd/C (146 mg) was stirred under a hydrogen balloon at 23° C. for 2 hours. The catalyst was filtered and washed with EtOAc (50 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated to provide tert-butyl 5-(aminomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-4) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.61 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 6.64 (s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 5-[({[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-5)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-(aminomethyl)-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-4, 204 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1 equiv), HOAT (68 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1 equiv), triethylamine (101 mg, 1.0 mmol, 2 equiv), EDC (144 mg, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and 1-BOC-piperidine4-carboxylic acid (126 mg, 0.55 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in DMF (5 mL) was stirred under ambient conditions for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to provide tert-butyl 5-[({[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-5) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.25 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.76 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.59 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.48 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz), 4.12 (m, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1–0.65 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 91), 1.25 (s, 9H).

N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}4-piperidine carboxamide (7-6)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-[({[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-5, 310 mg, 0.5 mmol) in 50% aqueous acetic acid (20 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated, and the residue dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of methanol and aqueous 1 N NaOH solution. This solution stirred under ambient conditions for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified reverse-phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient w/0.1% TFA present) to provide the trifluoroacetic acid salt of N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-4-piperidinecarboxamide (7-6) as yellow solid. ¹HNMR (400 Hz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 11.58 (s, 1H), 8.53 (b s, 2H), 8.41 (t, 1H, J=5 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.01 (dd, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 4.33 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz), 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H).

Compounds 7-7 and 7-8 in Table 7 below were prepared by simple modification of the protocols described above.

TABLE 7 Compound No. Structure Compound Name 7-7

2-(dimethylamino)-N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]methyl}acetamide 7-8

2-amino-2-methyl-N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]methyl}propanamide

tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-1)

A mixture of tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (7-2, 800 mg, 1.96 mmol, 1 equiv) and MnO₂ (850 mg, 9.8 mmol, 5.00 equiv) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was heated at reflux for 1.5 hours. Additional NbO₂ (700 mg, 8.05 mmol, 4.10 equiv) was added and heating was continued for 1 hour. The catalyst was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (100 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-1) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.11 (s, 1H), 8.47 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.95 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 1.7 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.81 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.64 (br t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.80 (s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-2)

A solution of methylmagnesium bromide in THF (3 M, 0.85 mL, 2.56 mmol, 1.3 equiv) was added to a solution of 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-1, 800 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (25 mL) at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was partitioned between pH 7 phosphate buffer solution and ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (100% hexane, grading to 70% EtOAc in hexane) to provide tert-butyl 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-2) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.78 (br t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 1.5 Hz), 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 1.58 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.27 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 5-acetyl-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-3)

A mixture of 2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-2, 840 mg, 1.99 mmol, 1 equiv) and MnO₂ (863 mg, 9.93 mmol, 5.00 equiv) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 hour. Additional MnO₂ (500 mg, 5.75 mmol, 2.89 equiv) was added and heating was continued for 1 hour. The catalyst was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (100 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 5-acetyl-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-3) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.38 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 8.27 (d, 1H, J=0.7 Hz), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 8.04 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.80 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.63 (br t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.76 (s, 1H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H).

3-(5-acetyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (8-4)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-acetyl-2-(2-chloro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (8-3, 400 mg, 0.95 mmol) was heated in a 3:1 mixture of acetic acid and water at reflux for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, then concentrated to dryness. The residue was suspended in ethyl ether (50 mL) with the aid of sonication, then filtered and air dried to give 3-(5-acetyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (8-4) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.22 (s, 1H), 11.94 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.55 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.26 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.62 (s, 3H).

3-{5-[1-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone (8-5)

A mixture of 3-(5-acetyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (8-4, 50.0 mg, 0.165 mmol, 1 equiv), morpholine (0.070 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv), acetic acid (0.050 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv), sodium cyanoborohydride (52 mg, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv), and activated powdered 3 angstrom molecular sieves in anhydrous 20% dioxane in methanol (15 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 8 hours. Additional morpholine (0.070 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv), acetic acid (0.050 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv), and sodium cyanoborohydride (52 mg, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 equiv) was added, and this was repeated (3×) every 8–12 hours over the course of two days. The reaction mixture was partitioned between a 1:1 mixture of saturated sodium carbonate solution and brine and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient w/0.1% TFA present) to provide 3-{5-[1-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)quinolinone (8-5) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 9.28 (br s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.54 (br t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.27 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.22 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.04 (s, 1H), 3.72 (m, 4H), 3.41 (q, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, 2H), 1.46 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz).

Compounds 8-6 through 8-9 in Table 8 below were made via minor modifications of the protocol shown in Scheme 8. Selected spectra are as follow: 8-6, ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.13 (s, 1H), 9.76 (br s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.30 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 3.34 (br m, 1H), 2.64 (br m, 2H), 2.45 (br m, 2H), 1.79 (br m, 3H), 1.50 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz). 8-8, ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.17 (s, 1H), 9.74 (br s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.30 (t, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J=8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.49 (q, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.46 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz).

TABLE 8 Compound No. Structure Compound Name 8-6

3-{5-[1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-1H-in-dol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 8-7

3-{5-[1-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)eth-yl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 8-8

3-{5-[1-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)eth-yl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quino-linone 8-9

3-(5-{1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-1-pipe-razinyl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quino-linone

tert-butyl 5-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (9-1)

A solution of 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (6-1, 0.200 mg, 0.49 mmol, 1 equiv), diphenylphosphoryl azide (128 μL, 0.59 mmol, 1.2 equiv), and triethylamine (89 μL, 0.64 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in t-BuOH (30 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 2 hours. Cuprous chloride (4.9 mg, 0.05 mmol, 0.1 equiv) was added and the resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 24 hours. The solution was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (75 mL) and EtOAc (3×60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed once with water (150 mL) then brine (150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to provide tert-butyl 5-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (9-1). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.06 (s, 1H), 9.37 (bs, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 9H).

3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (9-2)

A solution of tert-butyl 5-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (9-1, 340 mg) in a mixture of 1:1 CH₂Cl₂ and TFA (30 mL) was treated with 3 drops each of DMSO and H₂O, and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 45 minutes. The solution was concentrated, and the residue purified by reverse phase liquid chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to afford 3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (9-2) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 6.74 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 6.72 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz).

4-amino-N-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (9-3)

4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate (70 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and pyridine (0.030 mL, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 equiv) were sequentially added to a solution of 3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (9-2, 64 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1 equiv) in dioxane (20 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at 60° C. for 1 hour. tert-Butyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate (100 mg, 0.50 mmol, 2.2 equiv) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 60° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. A solution of the residue in a 1:1 mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and TFA (15 mL) was treated with 2 drops of DMSO and 2 drops of H₂O. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 45 minutes, then concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN gradient with 0.1% TFA present) to provide 4-amino-N-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (9-3) as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=2.0, 1.9 Hz), 4.29 (d, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.37 (m, 1H), 2.99 (t, 2H, J=5.98 Hz), 2.05 (d, 2H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.60 (qd, 2H, J=4.4, 1.5 Hz).

4-Amino-N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-1-piperidinecarboxamide (9-4) was prepared starting from compound 7-4 using the protocol described above.

9-4, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.1 (s, 1H), 11.5 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.79 (br s, 2H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.43 (m, 21), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.06 (m, 2H), 4.31 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz), 4.04 (d, 2H, J=13 Hz), 3.20 (br s, 1Hz), 2.76 (t, 2H, J=12 Hz), 1.83 (d, 2H, J=13 Hz), 1.36 (m, 2H).

Compounds 9-5 and 9-6 in Table 9 below were prepared by simple modification of the protocols described above for compound 9-3.

TABLE 9 Compound No. Structure Compound Name 9-5

N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quino-linyl)1H-indol-5-yl]meth-yl}-1-piperazinecarboxamide 9-6

4-methy-N-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-3-quinolinyl)1H-in-dol-5-yl]methyl}-1-pipe-razine carboxamide

3-{5-[2-methoxyethenyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-1)

A suspension of (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (3.6 g, 10.5 mmol, 2.1 equiv) and potassium t-butoxide (2.48 g, 22 mmol, 4.4 equiv) was stirred 1 hour at 25° C. before a suspension of t-butyl 5-formyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (5-8, 1.94 g, 5.0 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (100 mL) was added via canula and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was stirred in saturated NH₄Cl solution. The insoluble solid was collected by filtration and sonicated in EtOAc and then water to give 3-{5-[2-methoxyethenyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-1) as a 1:1 mixture of E and Z isomers. MS(M+1)=317.1

3-{5-[2-oxoethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one(10-2)

Sodium iodide (95 mg, 0.64 mmol, 2 equiv) and chlorotrimethylsilane (69 mg, 0.64 mmol, 2 equiv) were added to the acetonitrile solution (300 mL) of

3-{5-[2-methoxyethenyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one(10-1, 100 mg, 0.32 mmol, 1 equiv) which was stirred under ambient conditions for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and dilute sodium thiosulfate solution. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give 3-{5-[2-oxoethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-2) as a reddish-yellow solid. MS(M+1)=303.1 3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-3)

A slurry of the 3-{5-[2-oxoethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-2, 75 mg, 0.25 mmol, 1 equiv) and 1-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine (163 mg, 1.0 mmol, 4 equiv) in 1,2-dichloroethane(100 mL) was treated with acetic acid (0.67 mg, 1.12 mmol, 4.5 equiv) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (156 mg, 0.75 mmol, 3 equiv) and the reaction was stirred under ambient conditions for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and sat. NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica column. Elution with EtOAc to 5% NH₃-EtOH/EtOAc gave 3-(5-{2-[4-(methyl-sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (10-3) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.2 (s, 1H), 11.4 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (m, 2 H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (m, 4 H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.81 (br t, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 2.61 (br t, J=8 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (m, 4 H).

Compounds 10-4 through 10-8 in Table 10 below were prepared by simple modification of the protocols described above for compound 10-3.

TABLE 10 10-4

3-{5-[2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-diaze-pan-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quino-lin-2(1H)-one 10-5

N-methyl-4-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-di-hydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-in-dol-5-yl]ethyl}piperazine-1-carbox-amide 10-6

3-{5-[2-(dimethylamino)eth-yl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 10-7

3-[5-(2-azetidin-1-ylethyl)-1H-in-dol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 10-8

3-{5-[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)eth-yl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quino-lin-2(1H)-one

tert-butyl-5-[({2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl} amino)methyl]-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (11-2)

The chloride (11-1, 100 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 2.5 mL of dry dimethylsulfoxide and warmed to afford a homogeneous solution and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Then N-Boc-ethylenediamine (160 mg, 0.98 mmol) and diisopropylethyl amine (130 μL, 0.74 mmol) were added via pipette. The reaction was stirred for 9 hours until completion via LCMS analysis. The crude reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate (15 mL) and half-saturated NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted several times with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×15 mL), brine, separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to afford 11-2 as a yellow oil; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.21 (d, 1 H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.60 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1 H), 7.41 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.32 (dd, 1 H, J=8.4, 1.2 Hz), 7.22 (m, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.09 (t, 1 H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.92 (s, 2 H), 3.27 (m, 2 H), 2.79 (t, 2 H, J=5.4 Hz), 1.45 (s, 9 H), 1.39 (s, 9 H).

tert-butyl 5-{[{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl}(vinylsulfonyl)amino]methyl}-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (11-3)

The amine made above 11-2 (120 mg, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in 5.0 mL of dry N,N-dimethylformamide and allowed to stir at ambient temperature. Then sulfonyl chloride (35 μL, 0.34 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (125 μL, 0.72 mmol) were added via pipette, respectively. The reaction was stirred for 10 hours until completion via LCMS analysis. The crude reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate (15 mL) and half-saturated NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted several times with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (4×15 mL), brine, separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow oil. Chromatography (SiO₂, 30% to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) followed by concentration afforded 11-3 as a pale yellow solid; ¹H NMR (300 MM, CDCl₃) δ 12.73 (s, 1 H), 8.25 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.61 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.39 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.24 (app t, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.69 (s, 1 H), 6.43 (dd, 1 H, J=16.5, 9.6 Hz), 6.26 (d, 1 H, J=16.5 Hz), 5.94 (d, 1 H, J=9.9 Hz), 4.82 (t, 1 H, J=5.1 Hz), 4.51 (s, 2 H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9 H), 1.39 (s, 9 H).

3-{5-[(1,1-dioxido-1,2,5-thiadiazepan-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1 H)-one (11-4)

The sulfonamide 11-3 (67 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in 3.0 mL of dichloromethane, 100 μL of water, and 150 μL of dimethyl sulfide at ambient temperature. Trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL) was then added via pipette to afford a dark yellow solution. The reaction was stirred for 5 hours until completion via LCMS analysis. The reaction solution was concentrated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate (15 mL) and half-saturated NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted several times with ethyl acetate (10×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow solid. Reverse-phase chromatography (0.01% TFA present) (90% water to 90% acetonitrile) followed by free-base extraction into ethyl acetate and concentration afforded 11-4 as a yellow solid; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.17 (s, 1 H), 11.62 (s, 1 H), 8.55 (s, 1 H), 7.74 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.53 (m, 3 H), 7.38 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.25 (app t, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.11 (dd, 1 H, J=8.7, 1.2 Hz), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.05 (m, 2 H), 2.50 (m, 4 H). 

1. A compound selected from: 3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl) acetamide; 3-{5-[(4-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-4-sulfonamide; 4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylate; methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylic acid; 3-(5-{[4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; N-[(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]methanesulfonamide; 1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; 4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; 3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; N-methyl-4-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]ethyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; 3-{5-[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; and 3-(6-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; and or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 2. A compound according to claim 1 selected from: 3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(5-{[4-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothien-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl) acetamide; 3-{5-[(4-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-4-sulfonamide; 4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; and methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylate; methyl 2-methyl-1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine-2-carboxylic acid; 3-(5-{[4-(aminomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; N-[(1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]methanesulfonamide; 1-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; 4-{[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}piperazine-2-carboxamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 3. A compound according to claim 1 selected from: 3-(5-{2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; N-methyl-4-{2-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]ethyl}piperazine-1-carboxamide; 3-{5-[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; and 3-(6-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-indol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 4. A pharmaceutical composition which is comprised of a compound in accordance with claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 5. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cancer is selected from cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung.
 6. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cancer is selected from histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancers, pancreatic cancer, gioblastomas and breast carcinoma.
 7. A method of treating cancer wherein the cancer is selected from cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx, lung, histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancers, pancreatic cancer, gioblastomas, and breast carcinoma which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 in combination with radiation therapy and a compound selected from: 1) an estrogen receptor modulator, 2) an androgen receptor modulator, 3) retinoid receptor modulator, 4) a cytotoxic agent, 5) an antiproliferative agent, 6) a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor, 7) an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, 8) an HIV protease inhibitor, 9) a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and 10) another angiogenesis inhibitor.
 8. A method of treating wherein the cancer is selected from cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx, lung, histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancers, pancreatic cancer, gioblastomas, and breast carcinoma cancer which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and paclitaxel or trastuzumab.
 9. A method of treating or preventing diabetic retinopathy which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 in combination with a PPAR-γ agonist. 